GEOr.KAI'lIICAl, i:\TLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES IN 186. 



347 



vas20; tho minimum toi ..ftlic 



lav was 69.5, and the maxi- 



..f -J.DOO to4,(M" 



In- lilt-nth Of AllLTU-t 



: il-iily lliietnation 19. 8; 



liniiniiin ti-mjirratiiro of the month at 



B0, and the maximum 77 .x. In 



:it the Villa do Orotara, l,'- >(; " fl ''' 1 



\i-l, tin- iiii-an temperature in 



- 75 ; tho mean daily fluc- 



: tin- maximum temperature 



at noonday C7.8; tho maxi- 



island, at tho height 



ie inran temperature was 70 ; 



\vi-*t temperature of tho month at noon- 



B8M ; and tho highest 83.8. In the 



1: as, or highest inhabited portion of tho 



about 1 1,250 feet above the sea-level, the 



temperature was 69; the mean daily 



34. 6 ; the lowest temperature of 



.onth at mid-day was 41.5; the highest 



. At Pahna, in Santa Cruz, in October, 



; he mean temperature of the month was 



78. 8; tho mean daily fluctuation 11.5 ; the 



t.-mperaturo of th,e month at noonday 

 ;iid tho highest 84. On summits varying 



from 3,000 to 6,500 feet, the mean temperature 

 for October was 54.5. At lower summits, on 

 IK- inland, from 1,000 to 3,800 feet above 

 lie mean temperature of tho same 

 month \va* 76.8 ; the mean daily fluctuation 

 25 ; tho lowest temperature of tho month at 

 mid-. : the highest 89.9. At Pal- 



ma, in November, 1862, the mean temperature 



month was 72.9 ; the mean daily fluc- 

 tuation 12 ; the lowest temperature of the 

 month at noonday 67 ; tho* highest 78\8. 



.tmary, 1862, at Iliero, near the sea-level, 

 the mean temperature of the month was 70 ; 



-west temperature of the month at mid- 

 day 63.5; the highest 76. In Golfo, about 

 1,000 feet above the sea, tho mean temperature 



niary was 63.5 ; the minimum at noon- 

 day 57, and the maximum for the month 

 72. 5. At Valverde, about 2,400 feet above 

 tho sea, the mean temperature for January 

 was 61.2 ; tho minimum for the month at 

 noonday 57.4 ; and the maximum 67. 5. 

 Tho mean daily fluctuation for the month 

 Tlio statistics of the temperature of 

 these islands afford the best guide to invalids 

 u ho are seeking a mild and equable island cli- 

 mato as to tho location best adapted to their 

 condition. 



IV. EUROPE. 1. Great Britain. The ad- 

 miralty surveys of the British Islands have 

 been prosecuted during the past year with com- 

 jiu'iidable zeal, tho western coast of Scotland 

 and the Hebrides, the Sound of Mull, Cardiff 

 Trails and its neighborhood, the Downs, Yar- 

 mouth, and Lo \vestoft Roads, the coast between 

 Winterton and Southwold, the neighborhood 

 of Spitliead, and the bar of Portsmouth Har- 

 bor, tin- M.-ilina River at Cowes, and a part of 

 the Channel Islands, having been carefully sur- 



1. British officers and war-vessels have 



been also engaged in surveys in almot al. the 

 n of the globe. In tho Mediterranean, 

 Captain Man-ill and Commander Wilkinson 

 have been engaged in making accurate maps 

 of the coasts and islands of the Grecian Archi- 

 pelago. The coasts of China and Japan, the 

 Islands of Formosa and Labuan, and a part of 

 the coasts of Java and Borneo, have been ex- 

 1 by Commanders Bullock and Ward and 

 Masters Wilds and Stanley. Colonial survey? 

 have been made in Nova Scotia, Newfound 

 land, and the West Indies, British Columbia 

 South Africa, New South Wales, Queensland 

 Victoria, and South Australia. The British Ord- 

 nance Survey Office is very actively engaged 

 in the preparation and publication of extensive 

 and complete maps of the British Islands, tho 

 results of its long and carefully executed topo- 

 graphical surveys. It has published a map of 

 England in 110 sheets, one of Scotland in 120 

 sheets, and two of Ireland in 205 sheets. J 1 

 has also a map of England in preparation on a 

 scale of six inches to a mile, of which 2,994 

 sheets have already appeared. A parish map of 

 England and Scotland, on a scale of a little more 

 than 25 inches to the mile, is also in progress; 

 of which 13,857 sheets have already been pub- 

 lished. The ordnance officers have, L 

 these, prepared plans of 165 cities on scales of 

 one, two, five, or ten feet to tho mile, and have 

 published 2,376 sheets of these. The plan of 

 London, on a scale of five feet to the mile, oc- 

 cupies alone 819 sheets. 



2. France. R. A. Peacock, Esq., a member 

 of the Royal Geographical Society, London, and 

 a resident of tho Island of Jersey, has been en- 

 gaged for some years past in investigating the 

 westerly coasts of France and its islands, with n 

 view of ascertaining tho amount of the losses 

 of land on these coasts by the irruption of tho 

 sea within the historical period, and has for- 

 warded an interesting memoir to tho society, 

 giving the result of his inquiries. He finds 

 evidence of vast losses of territory, at numerous 

 points, particularly in St. Owen's Bay, Jersey, 

 near St. JHeliers, and in St. Aubin's Bay, the 

 Ecrechou and Direou Isles, on the Norman 

 coast, on the north and northwest coast of 

 Contances, in the Bay of Mont St. Michael, and 

 near St. Malo, in the Forest of Sciscy, where a 

 town and several monasteries were carried away 

 by the sea, and on the coast of Guernsey. 



Dr. Carl Vogel has published, during the 

 past year, an admirable topographical map of 

 the Thuringian Forest, on a scale of 1 to 150, - 

 000, and special maps of portions of it on a 

 scale of 1 to 60,000. On these maps the colors 

 are so deepened as to indicate tho elevation of 

 each portion, and give a clear idea of the sur- 

 face, highways, etc. Nothing can be more 

 admirable in execution than the maps of this 

 description and those of physical geography, 

 for which the German geographers are famous. 

 The Thuringian Forestis completely represented 

 on these maps; in its hills and valleys, its rocka 

 and forest tracts, and its character of soil and 



