368 



GERMAN-ITALIAN WAR. 



through Mannheim into the province of the 

 Khine-Hesse. The Prussian troops took up quar- 

 ters between Miihlbach, Wintershausen, Bis- 

 chofshausen, "Werthheim, and Lohr, General 

 Manteuffel establishing his headquarters at 

 Heidingsfeld, south of Wurzburg. 



As Austria after the battle of Koniggriitz 

 seemed to be determined to continue the war 

 against Prussia with greater efforts than before, 

 it was resolved at the Prussian headquarters to 

 concentrate at Leipsic a second reserve army 

 corps under the chief command of the Grand- 

 duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. This army was 

 composed of 3 Prussian brigades, 2 divisions of 

 Prussian artillery, 1 brigade of Mecklenburg- 

 Schwerin, and 1 brigade of Brunswick and 

 Saxe-Altenburg ; altogether 25 battalions, 16 

 squadrons, and 11 batteries, or 20,000 infantry 

 and 2,000 cavalry. The Grand-duke of Meck- 

 lenburg-Schwerin was assisted in the command 

 of the corps by the Prussian lieutenant-general 

 von Horn, who in the Bohemian campaign 

 had distinguished himself as leader of the 8th 

 Prussian division. The new army corps was 

 directed to invade Bavaria from the northeast, 

 and thus to cooperate with the Army of the 

 Main, The corps left Leipsic on July 20th, and 

 arrived at Baireuth on July 28th, the same day 

 when General Manteuffel had agreed upon a 

 truce. On the 29th the Grand-duke of Mecklen- 

 burg, in the name of the King of Prussia, took 

 possession of the Bavarian province of Upper 

 Franconia. On the same day an engagement 

 took place between the Prussian troops and a 

 Bavarian battalion, in which 209 men of the lat- 

 ter were captured. Soon after the Prussian com- 

 mander was'notifled of the truce concluded be- 

 tween Prussia and Bavaria, and hostilities ceased. 



Besides the Prussian armies already mentioned 

 two other bodies of troops had invaded Bavaria 

 during the last days of the war. The 1st re- 

 serve army corps, under command of General 

 von der Mulbe, had penetrated from Bohemia 

 into the Upper Palatinate, and on the 29th 

 another corps had been marched into Rhenish 

 Bavaria. On August 1st a body of Prussian 

 troops took possession of the cities of Heidelberg 

 and Mannheim, in Baden. 



The War in Italy during the Month of July. 

 The Naval Battle at Lissa. Immediately after 

 the Emperor of Austria had offered to Louis 

 Napoleon the cession of Venetia, the larger 

 portion of the Austrian army in Venetia was 

 withdrawn in order to be employed against the 

 Prussians. Besides the garrison of the fortresses 

 only the corps of Field-marshal Lieutenant Ma- 

 roichich remained in Yenetia, and a small body 

 of regular troops, reenforced by provincial rifle- 

 men in the Tyrol, under the command of Major- 

 General Kuhn. 



Thus the Italians met with but little resist- 

 ance to their new advance into Yenetia, which 

 this time took place under command of General 

 Cialdini. The government placed at first nine 

 divisions under the immediate command of 

 Cialdini. In the third week of July the num- 



ber of these divisions was increased to fourteen, 

 which were divided into five army corps, name- 

 ly : four army corps of the line (each of three 

 divisions), under the command of Generals Ca- 

 dorna, Pianelli, Brignone, a.nd Petitti, and a re- 

 serve army corps under General de Sonnaz. 

 Cialdini began his operations on July 5th, by 

 concentrating a considerable artillery force be- 

 fore the works of Borgoforte, on the Po. After 

 bombarding these forts for a few hours, he left 

 the siege of Borgoforte to the Fourth division, 

 under command of General Nunziante, and fol- 

 lowed his other divisions which had marched 

 down the Po. In the night from the 7th to the 

 8th of July three bridges were thrown across 

 the Po, one for the left wing of the army at 

 Carbonarola, one for the centre of the army at 

 Sermide, and one for the fight wing at Feloni- 

 ca. On the 8th seven divisions of Cialdini 's 

 army crossed the Po. The next movement was 

 a march to the right for the occupation of the 

 road leading from Ferrara over Rovigo to Pa- 

 dua. On this road new military bridges across 

 the Po were constructed at Ponte Lagoscuro 

 and Santa Maria. During the night from the 

 9th to the 10th of July the Austrians blew UD 

 their works at Rovigo and the railroad bridge 

 over the Adige at Boara. On the next day 

 Cialdini established his headquarters at Rovigo. 

 Having thus secured the passage of the Adige, 

 the Italians marched upon Padua, which was 

 occupied on the 14th. To all these operations 

 no resistance was offered by the Austrians. 



The siege of Borgoforte by General Nunziante 

 lasted from the 5th of July until the 17th. On 

 that day the Austrian forts of Monteggiana, 

 Rocchetta, and Bocca di Gauda were silenced ; 

 and the Austrian garrison left Borgoforte in the 

 night and withdrew to Mantua. In occupying 

 Borgoforte on the next day, the Italians found 

 several magazines and more than 70 pieces of 

 ordnance. 



Cialdini, in the mean while, had united his 

 divisions near Padua, and resumed his advance 

 movement on July 19th. As Napoleon strongly 

 urged the Italian Government to conclude a 

 truce, it was of great importance to occupy pre- 

 viously as much territory as possible. Cialdini 

 commanded about 70,000 men, and expected to 

 have an additional reserve of 70,000 men. The 

 Austrians had no more than 35,000 men at their 

 disposal. One division of Cialdini was sent to 

 Vicenza, which since July 15th had been occu- 

 pied by a vanguard. All the other troops ad- 

 vanced to the northern bank of the Brenta. 

 The right wing, under the provisional command 

 of Cugia, marched upon Meytre, in order to in- 

 vest Venice on the land side, and to cooperate 

 with the fleet which lay off the Dalmatian isl- 

 and of Lissa, after the occupation of which it 

 was to move against Yenice. The centre of the 

 army, under command of Cadorna, was to pro- 

 ceed through Treviso and along the main road to 

 Isonzo River. The left wing was to invade tho 

 Southern Tyrol from the southeast. The reserve 

 corps was to watch the line of the Adige. . 



