(il'.KMANV. 



377 



votes by majority. Its members may not be proso- 



nts made in their quality of repre- 



Bv-ntmivf*. Otlleiuls in the service in one of tlm 



.il states are ineligible. The members do not 



receive any pecuniary allowance. The Federal pre- 



^^B power has to see to the execution of the Fed- 



.iws, and may compel refractory members by 



execution to fulfil" their duties. The States of the 



; :ii no customs territory, but the 



Dl ..:. ; iniittcd to remain outside the 



-i lines as free ports. Legislation as to the 



i-ioins system lie* within the province 



i<m ; the revenue from the customs 



(toes into the Federal treasury, and, together with 



turns from the postal and telegraph systems, 



will li.- implicit to meet common expenses. So far as 



possible in the interest of the defence of the country, 



! tratlie, the railway system will be sub- 



r.il legislation, and the postal and tele- 



. systems bo organized as a homogeneous means 



i't' intei-i-oni-si' throughout the entire territory of the 



(lermau Confederation. Officials bind them- 



in their oaths of service to obedience toward 



the presiding power. The chief administrative officials 



will l>e appointed by the presiding power. The war 



navy of the North Sea and the Baltic is under the 



chief command of Prussia. The organization, ap- 



pointment of officers and officials, proceeds from the 



:mg power. Kiel Bay and the Bay of Jahde 



deral war ports. Normal estimates for the 



shment ana maintenance of the fleet will be 



agreed upon with the Parliament, and the expense 



rd by the members of the Confederacy in pro- 



jxirtion to population. The seaboard population is 

 t to conscription for naval service, but, on the 

 other hand, freed from service in the land army. The 

 mercantile ships of all the North German States form 

 a homogeneous Federal marine, and carry a common 

 flag (black, white, and red). The ships' papers will be 

 made out by the Federal authorities. The consulate 

 system is subject to the Confederation ; the present 

 consulates will, however, continue to subsist until 

 the organization of Federal consulates is completed. 

 The L'enenil conscription is extended to the whole 

 North CiTinan Confederation, and the peace strength 

 of the Federal army settled at one per cent, of the. 

 population. Prussian military legislation is intro- 

 duced in nil states of the Confederation. A normal 

 budget will be established for the maintenance of the 

 Federal army, upon the scale that a definite 

 sum (it is said about 220 thalers) be placed at the 

 -:il of the presiding power for every man of the 

 accepted peace strength. This will be defrayed from 

 the customs revenue, and, in so far as this does not 

 suffice, by contributions in proportion to the number 

 of the population. All the troops form a united 

 army under the King of Prussia, who has to order the 

 apportionment of the contingents, and to superin- 

 tend the war efficiency of the army. Federal troops 

 will bind themselves by their oath of service to obe- 

 dience towards the Federal commander-in-chief. 

 The latter appoints the superior officers and the com- 

 mandants ot fortresses appertaining to the contin- 

 . The sovereigns of the countries, nevertheless. 

 it-main chief over their troops, and may dispose of 

 other troops quartered in their territory for the 

 maintenance of order. Attacks upon the safety of 

 the Confederation, offences against the Parliament 

 and its members, etc., will be legally prosecuted in 

 the individual Federal states where they take place. 

 Quarrels among the members of the Confederation 

 will t>e settled by Federal legislation. After the con- 

 Mitution is introduced relations toward the South 

 German States will be settled. 



On December 15th, representatives of all the 

 States belonging to the North German Con- 

 federation met at Berlin for the purpose of 

 making a draft for a Federal Constitution. As 

 their labors vere not concluded at the close 



of the year, tin- n<v<unt of them is reserved for 

 tin.- next volume of tlu: ASM \t. CYCM>P.*DIA. 



III. SMI in CI:I:MAX STATES. The following 

 St:it t-s, sooth of the river Main, were, by the 

 treaties of peace, excluded from the North Ger- 

 man Confederation, but left at liberty to organ- 

 ize a Southern German Confederation : 



Population. 

 Bavaria (deducting the districts ceded to 



Prussia) 4,7r4,4f54 



Wurtemberg 1,748 828 



Baden 1,429,199 



Hesse-Darmstadt (except the province of 

 Upper Hesse, which forms part of the 



North German Confederation) 504,475 



Lichtenstein* 7,995 



Total 8,524,460 



Public opinion in the South German States 

 was greatly divided whether to seek an. alliance 

 with Prussia, and an admission into the North 

 German Confederation, or to repudiate the 

 leadership of Prussia, and establish a South 

 German Confederation, with a view to the ul- 

 timate reunion of North and South Germany 

 upon a federative basis. The majority of the 

 Catholic and Democratic parties favored the 

 latter, and a majority of the Liberal party the 

 former view. In Bavaria, 42 members of the 

 Liberal party had, before the meeting of the 

 Legislature (in August), united upon a pro- 

 gramme which declared against a separation 

 of Germany into North and South, against a 

 South German alliance, in, favor of Bavaria 

 joining as soon as possible the North German 

 Confederation, and, until then, in favor of a 

 close alliance with Prussia ; in favor of an un- 

 impaired preservation of German territory, and 

 warding off of all foreign intervention. The 

 programme did not find the full approval of the 

 majority of the Bavarian Legislature, but the 

 Chamber of Deputies (with all against 11 

 votes) adopted a resolution by Mr. Barth, ex- 

 pressing a wish that the Government, by closely 

 joining Prussia, could enter upon the only road 

 which for the present could lead to the final 

 union of all Germany under the cooperation 

 of a German Parliament, and in the mean time 

 protect the national interests, and ward off for- 

 eign intervention. The First Chamber declined 

 to accept this resolution, but (by 21 against 13), 

 expressed a wish that any attack that may bo 

 made by foreign powers upon German territory 

 should be resisted by the whole strength of the 

 army 'and people of Bavaria. On December 

 31st, the King of Bavaria appointed a new 

 prime minister (the Prince of Hohenlohe), who 

 was known to be favorable to the closest possi- 

 ble union with Prussia. In the Diet of Wiir- 

 teraberg, which opened on September 25th, 

 the Chambers of Deputies adopted ^by 61 

 against 25 votes) the report of a special com- 

 mittee of fifteen on the German question, de- 



In the discussion on the fate of this group of States, tho 

 little priuclpality of Lichtenstein, which is enclosed by the 

 C.Timm provinces of Austria and Switzerland, was totally 

 left out of consideration. It will probably share the ulti 

 mate fate of the German provinces of Austria. 



