382 



GREAT BRITAIN. 



these exports, 165,862,402 were British pro- 

 duce and 52,995,914 foreign and colonial. 

 The value of cotton imported in 1865 was 

 66,032,193=$316,954,526.40. The value of 

 grain and flour imported was 20,724,115 = 

 $99,475,752; of wool imported, 14,930,430= 

 $71,666,064; of tea, 10,044,462=$48,212,- 

 917.60; of raw silk, 10,184,855=$48,887,304. 

 The five principal articles of export were : 

 cotton manufactures to the amount of 57,- 

 254,845=$274,823,756; woollen and worsted 

 manufactures, 20,102,259=$96,490,843; iron 

 and steel, 13,451,445=$64,566,936 ; linen 

 manufactures, 9,155,358=$43,945, 718.40; ha- 

 berdashery and millinery, 5,013,757=$24,- 

 066,033,60. 



3. Shipping and Navigation. The number 

 of sailing vessels engaged in the home trade of 

 the United Kingdom, in 1865, was 11,160, with 

 a burden of 795,434 tons, and employing 

 37,631 men. The steam vessels engaged in the 

 same trade were 552 in number ; their burden, 

 134,776 tons, and they employed 8,189 men. 

 The number of sailing vessels engaged partly 

 in the home and partly in the foreign trade, 

 was 1,663; their aggregate tonnage, 282,295 

 tons, and they employed 10,457 men. The 

 steam vessels employed in the same trade were 

 111 in number; their tonnage, 43,225 tons, and 

 the men employed 2,005. In the foreign trade, 

 7,384 sailing vessels were employed, with an 

 aggregate tonnage of 3,629,023 tons, and em- 

 ploying 110,501 men. The steam vessels in the 

 foreign trade were 756 ; their tonnage, 523,698 

 tons, and the number of men 28,860. The 

 total number of vessels employed in the home 

 and foreign trade, in 1865, was 21,626 ; their 

 tonnage, 5,408,451 tons, and they employed 

 197,643 men. The movements of vessels 

 entrances and clearances British and foreign, 

 for the year 1865, give the following aggregate 

 tonnage : British, 19,358,955 tons ; foreign, 

 9,538,137 tons. Total British and foreign, 

 28,897,092 tons. 



II. AEMY AND NAVY. 1. The Army. The 

 British army, aside from the British forces in 

 India, consists of 138,117 officers and men, of 

 whom 7,150 are commissioned officers, 13,454 

 non-commissioned officers, and 117,513 rank and 

 file. Of this force 93 officers are on the gen- 

 eral staff, and 6,412 commissioned, 11,961 non- 

 commissioned officers, and 109,839 privates 

 constitute the army proper ; the remainder are 

 soldiers at the depots of Indian regiments pre- 

 paring to go out to India, in recruiting and other 

 establishments, or cadets and teachers in the 

 training-schools. The British forces in India, 

 in addition to the above, consist of 3,615 com- 

 missioned and 5,306 non-commissioned officers, 

 and 56,366 rank and file. The amount voted 

 for the British army for the year 1866-'67 

 was 14,095,000=$67,656,000. Of this sum 

 11,979,700=$57,502,560 was for effective ser- 

 vices, pay, clothing, commissariat, medical ser- 

 vice, chaplaincy, courts-martial, barracks, and 

 supplies pay for volunteer and militia service, 



war stores and manufactures for supply of 

 soldiers, superintendency and repairs of build- 

 ings, military education, surveys, and topog- 

 raphy, and administration of the army; and 

 2,115,300=$10,153,440,-for non-effective ser- 

 vice, pensions, half pay, and allowances. There 

 are, besides the regular army, 128,971 disem- 

 bodied militia liable to serve for twenty-one 

 days' military training in each year, and a volun- 

 teer force which is increasing, and which num- 

 bered, in 1865, 162,861 officers and men, and 

 was composed of 662 light horse, 23,363 artil- 

 lery, 2,904 engineers, 656 mounted rifles, and 

 134,096 rifle volunteers. 



2. The Navy. The British navy is governed 

 by the Lords of the Admiralty, the head of the 

 Board being the First Lord, who is a member 

 of the Cabinet; associated with him are four 

 other members called lords by courtesy, a first 

 and second secretary, and under the Board five 

 great departments or bureaus, Controller of the 

 Navy, Accountant-General, Storekeeper-Gen- 

 eral, Controller of Victualling, and Director- 

 General of the Medical Department, The total 

 establishment in 1866 consisted of 451 persons. 

 The total expenditure for the navy in the 

 year ending March 31, 1867, was 10,388,153 = 

 $49,864,134.40, of which 8,553,572=$41,057,- 

 145.60 was for effective service, and the remain- 

 der for halt-pay pensions and allowances, and 

 the conveyance of troops on naval vessels. The 

 number of seamen, including boys in training 

 and mariners, was in 1866 about 61,000, besides 

 about 7,000 in the coast-guard service. The 

 actual strength of the navy of the United King- 

 dom in February, 1866, was 41 9 steamers afloat, 

 of which 339 were screw and 80 paddle-wheel 

 steamers; 28 steamers building, of which 26 

 were screw and 2 paddle; and 50 effective 

 sailing vessels all afloat. Of these last, 10 were 

 frigates, one a ship-of-the-line, one a sloop-of- 

 war, and 38 mortar-vessels and floats. Of the 

 steamers 36 are armor-plated. Of these 19 are 

 ships-of-the-line, divisible into three classes: 

 First, the Warrior class, four in number, all iron- 

 built and of great speed, but of so great draught 

 of water, that they could not be docked out of 

 Great Britain. These were all, except the Bel- 

 lerophon, of over 6,000 tons burden ; and the 

 Minotaur class, three ships of still larger ton- 

 nage, being 6,621 tons measurement, but plated 

 with 5J-inch armor on 10-inch backing, carry- 

 ing 36 protected guns, and propelled by screw 

 engines of 1,350 horse-power. These are all 

 rams. Every part of these vessels is iron. 

 Second, the Royal Oak class seven ships, 

 wooden vessels plated, of about 4,000 tons, and 

 carrying from 18 to 24 guns. They are from 

 800 to 1,000 horse-power. They possess less 

 speed than the preceding. The third class are 

 the Hector, the Valiant, the Defence, the Re- 

 sistance, and the Zealous, about 3, 700 tons each, 

 and from 600 to 800 horse-power. The other 

 Iron-clads, not line-of-battle ships, are mostly 

 of the gunboat or corvette class, mostly under 

 1,000 tons burden, and from 160 to 400 horse- 



