GREAT BRITAIN. 



r. They generally mount hut f'-ur guns 



: the armor (K! vessels 



.K-tViiiv ni'-ivly, and, 



MMderaUi> .sizf, nro not regarded as 



-.'mi; vi-ssi-K Among these are- in- 



ion, and Wivorn, tho two rams 



built for til- ivKls lut purchased by tho British 



:r. Hut four of tho armored ships 



edinp r>J inches in tliickin--, 



: tln>so only one, the Bcllerophon, is coin- 



1 by C-incli armor, the other 



:i^ fi-inclics amidships, but only 4^ 



i at tho stem and stern. The wood back- 



: those plates varies in different vessels 



from 10 to ;'-; im-ln-s. The total fleet in com- 



i at tin- beginning of 1866, including 41 



- 4.", sailing and 202 steam-vessels. 

 KiMVATi'iNAi, STATISTICS. "We have no edu- 

 turns later than those of the entire 

 . In that year there were in England 

 anil "\Valos 6,867 primary schools inspected, 

 3 accommodations for 1,470,473 children, 

 and having in attendance 901,760 pupils. In 

 Scotland there were 1,573 primary schools, 

 with capacity for 207,335 pupils, and having 

 '.>5 actually in attendance ; making a total 

 for great Britain (not including Ireland) of 

 8,488 schools, with accommodation for 1,677,- 

 808 pupils, and having 1,057,7-45 in attendance. 

 IL-SO there were parochial schools, 

 schools sustained by the different dissenting de- 

 noiniaations and by the Establishhed Church 

 ntland, the endowed schools, great and 

 mall, tho ragged schools and reformatories, 

 evening or night schools, and the special 

 schools of institutions or guilds. There are, 

 f>r higher education, the three great universi- 

 u England, Oxford, Cambridge, and Lon- 

 don, and numerous small colleges and universi- 

 ither established by the Church of Eng- 

 land or by dissenting bodies. In Scotland, the 

 Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, 

 and St. Andrews. In Ireland, Trinity College, 

 Dublin; the Dublin University; Queen's Col- 

 lege, Belfast, and several smaller colleges, Ro- 

 man Catholic and dissenting, in various parts of 

 tho island. 



REUGIO.V. The Established Church of Eng- 

 land and Wales is Episcopal in its form. The 

 reigning sovereign is the titular head of this 

 church, and its affairs arc administered by two 

 archbishops (of Canterbury and York) and 

 twenty-eight bishops. The whole country is 

 divided into about twelve thousand parishes 

 and two hundred extra parochial places, each 

 of which has its parson or parish priest, a rec- 

 tor or vicar, though the former may and often 

 does employ one or more curates to perform a 

 part of his duties for him. These aro sup- 

 ported by tithes, rates, or parish dues, and in 

 part also by endowments. Pluralities of liv- 

 ings, t. ., two or more livings held by one cler- 

 gyman, aro not infrequent. There are in Eng- 

 land, besides the Established Church, nearly 

 five thousand other buildings used for worship 

 and registered for marriages, belonging to the 



Roman Catholic and dissenting denominations. 

 ( >f these, in 1801, a third part belonged to tho 

 Independents, 1,000 to Baptist*, 895 to Weley- 

 an Methodists, 551 to Roman Catholic*, 198 to 

 Calvini-tirj Methodists, 152 to Unitarians, 187 

 to Scottish Presbyterians, and 141 to minor de- 

 nominations. 



In Scotland the e.tal>lMicd church is Pres- 

 byterian in its form of government. There are 

 no bishops or clergy of superior authority. The 

 General Assembly, comprising 386 members, 

 is the ruling body, or church court, of supreme 

 judicature. Tho clergy of this church are sup- 

 ported by tithes and state stipends. The dis- 

 senters from the established church are numer- 

 ous, comprising in the aggregate nearly two- 

 thirds of the population. The most important 

 of these are the Free Church of Scotland, which 

 seceded from the established church in 1848, 

 and the United Presbyterian Church, which is 

 formed by the amalgamation of several seceding 

 bodies, some of them dating back to 1741. 

 These two are now seeking a union. Together 

 they comprise much tho largest part of the dis- 

 senting population. There are besides about 

 22,000 Episcopalians, some Roman Catholics, 

 Baptists, Independents, Methodists, and Mom- 

 sonians, and a few Unitarians and Friends. 



In Ireland, there is an established church 

 (Episcopal), with two archbishops and twelve 

 bishops, but its proportion of the population 

 is but little more than one-seventh that of 

 the Roman Catholics, and exceeds but little 

 that of the Presbyterians. The Roman Catho- 

 lics claim as belonging, to their church 4,505,- 

 265 of the population, and of the remainder, 

 693,357 belonged, in 1861, to the Established 

 Church ; 523,291 to the Presbyterians, 45,399 

 to the Methodists, about 4,000 each to the In- 

 dependents, Baptists, and Friends, and 16,000 

 to various other persuasions. The clergy- 

 men, bishops, and archbishops of the Estab- 

 lished Church are supported by tithe-rates tho 

 Goverement grants, the other denominations, 

 including the Roman Catholics, by voluntary 

 fees, rentals, and subscriptions. The Roman 

 Catholics have four archbishops and twenty- 

 three bishops. There are also numerous mon- 

 asteries and convents, and several colleges and 

 theological seminaries. 



PAUPERISM AND CEIME. In 1866 the number 

 of poor-law unions and parishes in England 

 and "Wales was 655 ; of adult able-bodied pau- 

 pers, 149,320 ; of all other paupers, 771,024, 

 making a total of 920,844, or about 4J per cent, 

 of tho population. In Scotland there was 884 

 parishes, 77,895 paupers, and 43,499 persons 

 dependent upon the parishes in greater or less 

 degree for their support, making 121,394 of the 

 pauper class, about 8t per cent, of the popula- 

 tion. In Ireland, there were, in 1866, 54,485 

 indoor and 10,163 outdoor paupers, making in 

 all 65,057 of the pauper class receiving relief in 

 unions, about 1^ per cent, of tho population. 

 Beggary is, however, more common in Ireland 

 than in either England or Scotland. The crim- 



