

..f gmipo, \IM loss reeoi!, with 



.i\e pouer tliiiii gunpoud.-r, 



l.o le.-s liaMe to deterioration 



p. It i- readily pn>teet.-d 1'roin ;ill 



damp hy a solution of xyloidm in 



1 'Mi.- xyloidin is prepared by act- 



. ith nitric arid, <me part tliorcof 



tic ncid of 



of l."J". 



Witli improved revolvers of Mr. Millard six 

 :e tired lirst with cartridges coiitain- 

 . grains of gunpaper and a conical 

 \ard-' rail ire, which gave as a 

 inch penetration into 

 r ..muds wero next fired, with ten 

 _-impo\vder and a conical bullet, at 

 me range, tlu- result hem;,' an average 

 : at ion of 13-8 inch into deal. With 83 

 material its penetrative power in 

 over gunpowder was 3-16 inch. 

 With fifteen grains of gunpaper and a conical 

 Imllet, six rounds wero then tired at the same 

 range, and at each shot the bullet passed 

 . throe-inch deal. At 29 yards range, 

 12 grains of the paper tired from a pistol of .VI 

 inch) sent a heavier bullet through a 

 three-inch deal. In a Snider breech-loader, 

 . >-3 of two drachms of gunpowder, with a 

 .! bullet, were tired from a capsule with 

 ..1 tire and metal base with equal good re- 

 aud with a comparatively slight recoil. 

 la breech-loaders, about 25 per cent, is saved 

 against gunpowder in the length 

 cartridge, and this shortening admits of a 

 corresponding reduction in the length of the 

 '., thereby adding to the strength of the 

 at this point, ami diminishing its weight. 

 It is stated by the maker that, taking into ac- 

 count the smaller quantity required to give an 

 t (jiial effect, the cost of the gunpaper will bo from 

 30 to On p. : cent, less than that of gunpowder. 

 GDliU WSKI, Count ADAM DE, a Polish publi- 



cist, horn on the hereditary eM. 

 in the palatinate of Kalis/, 

 died iii Washington, !>.('. May 4, 1866. \ 

 but a schoolboy ho showed so lively a sympa- 

 thy witli the i'oli.-h cause that he was expelled 

 iho gymna-ia of Warsaw and of Kulisz. 

 In 1820 he went to Berlin and spent the fol- 

 lowing live years in various German Univer.-i- 

 . I leturning to Poland he became identified 

 with those who opposed Russian influence and 

 in consequence was several times imprisoned 

 by order of Constantine. He was one of the 

 projectors of and participators in the revolution 

 of 1830, and was sent as an agent of the Repub- 

 licans to France. After the suppression of 

 the insurrection ho lived several years as an 

 exile in France, where he adopted many of the 

 views of Fourier. In 1830 he was, in conse- 

 quence of a book in which he advocated the 

 idea of Panslavism, called to Russia and cm- 

 ployed in the private chancery of the Emperor. 

 This situation he retained until 1844, when, 

 finding that he had many powerful enemies at 

 the imperial court, and that his resignation 

 was not accepted by the emperor, he secretly 

 left for Berlin, and from thence went to Hei- 

 delberg. Here he again gave himself np to his 

 studies, and subsequently for two years lec- 

 tured on political economy at the University of 

 Berne, Switzerland. In 1849 he came to the 

 I'nited States, which he adopted as his home. 

 Here he was for a time professor of modern 

 languages, and for three years (1861 to 1863) 

 translator in the State Department at Washing- 

 ton. Ho was the author of numerous works 

 in the Polish, German, French, and English lan- 

 guages. Among the latter are "Russia as It 

 Is " (1854), and " America and Europe " 

 (1856). Uis latest work, in two volumes, is 

 entitled "My Diary," and is extremely cen- 

 sorious toward several of the members of Mr. 

 Lincoln's cabinet. 



H 



HABEAS CORPUS. The following order 

 was issued from the War Department under 

 date of January 12, 1866 : 



To protect persona against Improper civil suits and penalties 



In Litr n-litllious 



Military division and department commanders, 

 commands embrace or are composed of any of 

 tlie hitc rebellious States, and who have nut already 

 done so, will at once issue and enforce orders protect- 

 ing from prosecution or suits in the State, or munici- 

 ]>;! coin !.-> nf Mieh Slati-, all ollicers and soldiers of 

 the armies of the United States, and all persons tlii-re- 

 to attached, or in anywise thereto belonging, subject 

 to military authority, charged with oft'ences for acts 

 dune in their military capacity, or pursuant to orders 

 from proper military authority ; and to protect from 

 suit or prosecution all loyal citizens, or ]" 

 .1 \\ith offences, done against the re IK- I i- 



indirectly, (luring the existence of the 



''I all persons, their agents ami > in- 



\itti the occupancy of abandoned 



lands or plantations, or the possession or custody 



of any kind of property whatever, who occupied, 

 used, possessed, or controlled the same, pursuant to 



'the order of tbe President, or any of the civil or mil- 

 itary departments of the Government, and to protect 

 ilu-iii from any penalties or damages that may hare 



. been or may be pronounced or adjudged in said 

 courts in any of such cases; and also protecting 

 colored persoi.s from prosecutions in any of said 

 States charged with oncnces for which white per- 

 sons are not prosecuted or punished in the same 

 manner and degree. 

 By command of Lieutenant-General GRANT. 



On the 2d day of April, 1866, the President 

 of the United States issued his proclamation by 

 which ho "did promulgate and declare, that 

 there no longer existed any armed resistance of 

 misguided citizens or others to the authority of 

 the United States, in any or in all the States, 

 .ting only the State of Texas, and did fur- 

 ther promulgate and declare that the laws 

 could be sustained and enforced in the several 



