392 



HAMBURG. 



HAWKS, FRANCIS L. 



When this enterprise was imitated by other 

 journals they extended their relays of horses 

 to Washington. This was the inauguration of 

 a system of expressing news which resulted in 

 the celebrated Halifax express. Mr. Hallock 

 was distinguished for what were called con- 

 servative views of politics, was an unflinching 

 supporter of a national pro-Slavery policy, yet 

 of kindly disposition and generous hand toward 

 individual slaves who appealed to his charity. 

 He contributed largely to the support of the 

 ecclesiastical organization to which he belonged, 

 and expended more than $50,000 in the erection 

 of a church in New Haven in which conserva- 

 tive views in regard both to religion and slavery 

 should be maintained. He was one of the foun- 

 ders of the Southern Aid Society, designed to 

 take the place of the American Home Missionary 

 Society in the South, when the latter withdrew 

 support from slave-holding churches. Mr. Hal- 

 lock was a fine classical scholar, and early in 

 life gave lessons in Hebrew to several clergy- 

 men. 



HAMBURG, a Free City in Germany. Area, 

 135 sq. miles; population in 1860, 229,941 ; in 

 1866, it was estimated at 251,000. The " Bud- 

 get" for 1866, estimates the receipts at $11,- 

 265,333 mark Banco, and the expenditures at 

 $11,265,833. The public debt, on December 

 31, 1863, amounted to 56,855,829 mark banco 

 (1 mark banco=34 cents). The imports from 

 Europe and the Levant, in 1865, amounted to 

 280,870,460 mark banco, those from and through 

 Altona to $50,408,320, those from transatlantic 

 ports to $69,827,570 (those from the United 

 States to $13,883,170) ; total imports by sea, 

 $401,106,350; total imports by land' and river, 

 $370,562,530 ; total imports by land and sea, 

 $771,668,880, against $773,016,770 in the pre- 

 ceding year. The movement of transmarine 

 shipping in 1865, was as follows : entered, 5,186 

 vessels, together of 543,735 lasts (1 last 6,000 

 pounds); cleared 5,186 vessels, together "of 

 540,666 lasts. The merchant navy consisted at 

 the end of 1865 of 539 vessels, together of 

 83,710 lasts. In the conflict between Austria 

 and Prussia, Hamburg sided with Prussia, and 

 after the war joined the North German Con- 

 federation. 



HANOVER, until 1866, a kingdom in Ger- 

 many, which was by royal decree of September 

 20, 1866, incorporated with Prussia. Area, 

 14,600 sq. miles ; population in 1864, 1,923,492. 

 In the German-Italian war, Hanover sided with 

 Austria, and was the first State invaded by 

 the Prussian troops. The Prussian Govern- 

 ment took formal possession of it on October 

 6. 1866. 



HARFORD, JOHN SCANDEETT, D.C.L.,F.R.S., 

 an English author, born in 1785 ; died in Glou- 

 cestershire, April 16, 1866. lie was a magis- 

 trate and deputy-lieutenant for the counties of 

 Gloucester and Cardigan, and magistrate for 

 Carmarthen. In 1824, he filled the office of 

 high sheriff of Cardiganshire. In 1822, he 

 was created an honorary D. 0. L., by Oxford 



University. In politics, he was a conservative, 

 and in 1842, he was elected for the borough of 

 Cardigan, but his seat "being questioned, hi 

 election was annulled on petition. He was an 

 intimate friend of Hannah Moore, and it is com- 

 monly supposed that he was the hero of the 

 once famous novel, "Coelebs in Search of a 

 Wife." Mr. Harford was the author of " Life 

 of Michael Angelo," "Life of Bishop Burgess," 

 "Recollections of William Wilberforce," and 

 several other volumes. 



HAWKS, FKANCIS LISTER, D. D., LL. D., an 

 American clergyman and author, born in New- 

 bern. N. C., June 10, 1798; died in New 

 York, September 27, 1866. At the age of 

 fourteen he entered the university of his native 

 State; graduated in 1815, and devoting him- 

 self to the study of law, was admitted to the 

 bar in 1.819. At the early age of twenty-three 

 he was elected to the legislature of North Caro- 

 lina, but soon after entered upon the study of 

 theology and was ordained to the ministry in 

 the Episcopal Church in 1827. His first charge 

 was in New Haven, Conn., and subsequently in 

 Philadelphia. In 1831 he became rector of St. 

 Stephen's Church, New York, but resigned at 

 the close of the year, and was next called to the 

 pastorate of St. Thomas's, New York, which he 

 held until 1843. In 1835, at the General Con- 

 vention, he was appointed to the missionary 

 bishopric of the Southwest, but he declined 

 the appointment. As historian for the Amer- 

 ican Episcopal Church he visited England, and 

 obtained many valuable papers concerning the 

 rise and progress of Episcopacy in this country. 

 In 1837, in conjunction with Dr. Henry, he 

 founded The New York Review, of which, for 

 a while, he continued editor. About this time 

 he founded St. Thomas's Hall, at Flushing, Long 

 Island a school intended for the special bene- 

 fit of the sons of the clergy, but it was closed 

 in a few years, leaving him deeply in debt. He 

 removed to Mississippi in 1843, and was elected 

 bishop of the diocese the same year. In the 

 following year this election came before the 

 house of clerical and lay deputies, in general 

 convention. Strong opposition was made to 

 Dr. Hawks, and the matter was finally referred 

 back to the diocese of Mississippi. The diocese 

 expressed the utmost confidence in Dr. Hawks, 

 but he refused to accept the bishopric. lie be- 

 came rector of Christ's Church, in New Orleans, 

 in 1844, which position he held for five years, 

 during which time he was elected President of 

 the University of Louisiana. He returned to 

 New York in 1849, becoming rector of the 

 Church of the Mediator, soon after merged in 

 Calvary Church. He was elected Bishop of 

 Rhode Island in 1852, but declined the office. 

 Upon the commencement of the war in 1861, 

 Dr. Hawks strongly sympathized with the 

 South, and accordingly resigned his position 

 as rector of the Calvary Church and accepted 

 the charge of a parish in Baltimore. Soon after 

 the return of peace he was recalled to New 

 York to become rector of the congregation of 



