394 



HUNGARY. 



profession gained distinction, first at Louisville, 

 and afterward at the New York bar. In the 

 transition from me to the other he spent a 

 season as acting professor of rhetoric and ora- 

 tory at Amherst College. Having removed to 

 Brooklyn, he was, in 1848, elected alderman of 

 the Fourth Ward, and was reflected the follow- 

 ing year. In 1850 and 1851 he served as corpo- 

 ration counsel. In 1858 he was urged to ac- 

 cept the nomination for Congress, and was at 

 that time regarded as the leading man of the 

 party. He accepted the nomination and was 

 elected by a plurality vote, serving as a member 

 of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of 

 the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the 

 seceding States. In 1860 he was renomi- 

 nated, but the district being largely Demo- 

 cratic, he was defeated by Moses F. Odell. In 

 1862 he was again beaten by Mr. Odell. In 

 1864 Mr. Humphrey was the Republican can- 

 didate, and was elected by a handsome majority. 

 He was regarded as a hard-working man in 

 Congress, and made himself especially useful as 

 a member of the Committee on Commerce, and 

 as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures 

 in the Navy Department. During the summer 

 of 18G5 he visited Europe on a tour of pleasure. 

 Mr. Humphrey possessed a mind richly stored 

 with learning, and was particularly fond of ele- 

 gant literature and the fine arts, while his line 

 of professional service had made him thoroughly 

 familiar with the principles of general law and 

 national polity. He had a sound judicial mind 

 and rare powers of discrimination, inspiring 

 great confidence as a man wise in council, de- 

 voted in patriotism, firm in decision, and ener- 

 getic in accomplishment of whatever was de- 

 liberately resolved upon. He shared in all the 

 efforts to avert the calamity of civil war per- 

 sistent to the last in endeavors to secure peace, 

 but without ever proposing to sacrifice the au- 

 thority of the Government, or the interests of 

 the country. In private as well as public life he 

 was beloved for his virtues, and after completing 

 0.1 honorable career, was removed in the midst 

 ot his usefulness. 



HUNGARY, a country of Europe, formerly 

 an independent kingdom, now a crownland of 

 Austria. In 1849, all the dependencies of the 

 Hungarian crown, namely, Croatia, Slavonia, 

 the Hungarian Litorale, Transylvania, the mili- 

 tary frontier, and Dalmatia, were detached from 

 Hungary, and made independent crownlands; 

 thus reducing the population of Hungary from, 

 about 15,000,000 to 9,000,000 ; but the Magyars 

 never recognized these changes, and in 1866, 

 the Austrian Government, anxious to come to 

 an understanding with Hungary, showed itself 

 favorable to the reconstruction of Hungary 

 on its old basis.* The chief officers of admin- 

 istration bear the title Tavernicus (Taverni- 

 jorum regalium magister), the highest judge, 

 that of Index Curice. The former position was 



* For the statistics of the different races in Hungary, see 

 AXNUAL UTCLOP.-EDIA for 1S05. 



held in 1866 by Hie Baron Paul de Sennyey. 

 The latter by Count Valentin Torok de 

 Szendro. 



On February 26th an address, adopted by 

 both Houses of the Diet, was presented to the 

 emperor, stating as the demands of Hungary a 

 recognition by Austria of the continuity of her 

 rights, restoration of the old provinces of the 

 kingdom (reunion of Transylvania, Croatia, 

 etc., with Hungary), appointment of a respon- 

 sible Hungarian ministry, provisional reestab- 

 lishment of the " Coinitats " on the basis of 

 the laws of 1848. The Diet also appointed a 

 committee of sixty-seven members to draw up 

 a platform of reconstruction. The committee 

 appointed again a sub-committee of fifteen for 

 the same purpose. Both sub-committee and 

 general committee followed the lead of Deak, 

 the most influential statesman in Hungary. An 

 imperial rescript, replying to these addresses, 

 was read to both Houses of the Diet on March 

 3d. In this rescript the emperor expresses 

 satisfaction at the acknowledgment of the Diet 

 that certain affairs are common to Hungary 

 and Austria, and expects that further negotia- 

 tions would lead the Diet also to acknowledge 

 the necessity for a revision of the laws passed 

 in 1848. The rescript then states that the third 

 article of the laws of 1848, establishing a separ- 

 ate ministry for Hungary, could not be main- 

 tained consistently with a proper treatment 

 of common affairs. The emperor states that 

 article 4 of the laws of 1848, stipulating that 

 the Diet could not be dissolved by the Govern- 

 ment before the budget had been voted, cannot 

 be carried out. The rescript further announces 

 that an immediate reestablishment of the Com- 

 itats was impossible, and finally refers to the 

 law of 1848, relative to the national guard, in 

 which the emperor considers some modifica- 

 tions necessary. The emperor repeats, in con- 

 clusion, that the reestablishment of the laws 

 of 1848 is impossible without a previous re- 

 vision. 



On April 26th, a deputation of the Diet pre- 

 sented to the emperor a second address adopted 

 by both Houses, in which the demands of the 

 address of February 26th, were reiterated. 

 The emperor, in his reply, adhered to the de- 

 mands made in the rescript of March 3d, namely, 

 a revision of the laws of 1848, and the regula- 

 tion of the relation of Hungary to the whole 

 of the empire before the recognition by Austria 

 of the continuing validity of the Hungarian 

 Constitution. 



On the outbreak of the German-Italian war, 

 the Austrian Government began to show a 

 readiness to make greater concessions. The 

 Hungarians firmly insisted upon their demands, 

 and a few days before the battle of Custozza, 

 the sub-committee of fifteen presented the plat- 

 form for reconstruction to the great committee 

 of sixty-seven. The platform proposed that 

 Hungary and Transylvania, and likewise Cro- 

 atia, if she is willing to accept such a proposi- 

 tion, should together have a separate cabine* 



