114 



JAPAN. 



they belong, irill bless that liberty which protects 

 them, and upon which the reconciliation of inter- 

 ests, hitherto appearing irreconcilable, can alone be 

 based. RICASOLI. 



On December 7th the following treaty was 

 concluded between France and Italy, concern- 

 ing the regulation of the Papal debt : 



ART. 1. The proportional part belonging to Italy 

 in the perpetual debt, and the redeemable one of the 

 former States of the Church to wit : For the Ko- 

 magnas at the date of June 30, 1859, and for the 

 Marches, Umbria, and Benevento at the date of Sep- 

 tember 30, 1860, the epochs of entrance into pos- 

 session is recognized to amount, for the former to 

 7,892,985f., and for the latter to 7,337,160f., or to- 

 getherto!5,230,145f. 



ART. 2. A sum of l,468,617f. being already paid 

 annually by the Italian Government to the holders 

 of the stock of the perpetual debt of the said prov- 

 inces, the new charge falling upon Italy, in virtue 

 of the present convention, on account of the two 

 species indicated in the preceding article is, and re- 

 mains fixed at, the sum of 13,761,527f. 



ART. 3. Italy takes, besides, to her charge the 

 reimbursement of the interest due, calculated from 

 the epochs before indicated, up to the 31st of Decem- 

 ber. The payment of these sums shall be effected in 

 the following manner : The last three half-years, or 

 20,642,291f., shall be paid in specie on the 15th of 



March next, at latest. For the remainder of the 

 arrears the Italian Government takes to its charge a 

 yearly payment at par of 3,397, 627f., which will by 

 so much increase the portion of the redeemable debt 

 falling upon Italy. 



ART. 4. The yearly payments indicated in the 

 two preceding articles, and amounting to 18,627,773f., 

 are to remain at the charge of Italy, dating from the 

 first half-year of 1867. The said payments will be 

 made in the same manner as was fixed for the origi- 

 nal contracts. 



ART. 5. In what concerns the life debt of the 

 former States of the Church, the Italian Government 

 will pay all the pensions regularly settled at the pe- 

 riods of the annexations to the holders belonging to 

 the former Pontifical provinces, and residing in the 

 kingdom of Italy. 



ART. 6. The demands for reimbursement which 

 Italy may have to make on the Holy See are re- 

 served, as are reciprocally the claims which the 

 Pontifical Government may have to address to Italy. 



ART. 7. The Government of the Emperor of the 

 French will produce, in the shortest delay possible, 

 all the documents that will be necessary for the 

 transfer to the Great Book of the Italian Debt of the 

 inscriptions of the various kinds of Rente of which 

 the Holv See is discharged in virtue of the present 

 convention. 



ART. 8. The present convention shall be ratified, 

 and the necessary papers exchanged, within a delay 

 of a week, or sooner if possible. 



JAFFA, AMERICAN COLONY AT. (See MES-' 



BIAH, CnUROH OF.) 



JAPAN, an empire in Eastern Asia. The 

 name of the Mikado or Spiritual Emperor, who 

 resides at Miaco, in the principality of Kioto, is 

 only known by the Imperial princes. The resi- 

 dence of the Tycoon, or Temporal Eegent, is 

 Yeddo. The population is estimated at from 

 35 to 40 millions of inhabitants. 



The Tycoon, Mina Motto, died at Osaca in 

 September, of a disease resembling dropsy, 

 unknown in Europe, but to which Japanese are 

 liable, and which they call kake. His death was 

 announced to the country by the following 

 official notification : 



Kubosama having fallen sick, and the remedies 

 used having failed or success, he departed this life at 

 Osaka, on the 29th of August, at six o'clock in the 

 morning. All building, and use of musical instru- 

 ments are therefore to be intromitted. Shotsubashi 

 Chiunagon, who bad previously been appointed heir, 

 is from the 29th of August styled Uyesama. This 

 decree having been issued, you will take note thereof, 

 :md communicate it to all householders, without ex- 

 ception. Given at the Government office, .Tobe. In 

 consequence of the intromission thus decreed, the 

 war gates will be shut from six o'clock in the evening, 

 and the side gates will be left open for passengers. 

 The manushi and landlords will patrol day and night. 

 In unoccupied lands, and where there exist no war 

 gates, such are to be provided at once. In all the 

 streets the shop curtains are to be taken down, the 

 shutters on the left and right side to be let down, and 

 perfect order to be kept. In the lands held of the 

 Government, water-buckets, numbers corresponding 

 to the length of frontage, are to be placed before the 

 houses. Bath-houses, medical and ordinary, buck- 

 wheat shops, and other places where business requi- 

 "ing large fires is carried on, must close at six o'clock 



in the evening. Fights, quarrels, and other noisy 

 proceedings must be carefully avoided. The above 

 orders having been issued, you are requested to affix 

 your seal in acknowledgment and return the circular 

 after it has gone the round. 



Mina Motto was followed in the Tycoonate by 

 Stots-bashi, the son of Prince Nuto, and tho 

 head of the Gorogio (Council of State). The 

 new Tycoon, or, as the title now stands, Shoo- 

 goon, was well spoken of as a man of great 

 energy, imbued with liberal views, and the 

 ablest among those families whose members are 

 eligible to the Tycoonate. It was reported that 

 he devoted his time to public business with an 

 amount of intelligence and earnestness seldom 

 if ever exhibited by rulers of Japan. He was 

 to appear at the close of the year before a meet- 

 ing of the great Damios having territorial rights 

 of their own, and define his proposed policy to 

 them. As he was in favor of faithfully carrying 

 out the stipulations of the treaties with foreign 

 powers, great benefits were expected to be de- 

 rved from the meeting, and it was thought 

 some definite course of action would be deter- 

 mined upon. 



The new Tycoon applied. to France for in- 

 structors in the reorganization of his army. 

 The French Government agreed to his request, 

 and, by the care of tho Minister of War, a mil- 

 itary mission was formed, which was directed 

 to proceed to Japan. It is composed of five 

 officers and ten non-commissioned officers, and 

 is placed under the direction- of Captain Cha- 

 noine, of the staff, who distinguished himself in 

 the Chinese campaign. The other officers are 

 M. Brunet, first lieutenant of artillery in the 



