JAPAN. 



ART. 8. Any Japanese subject shall bo free to pur- 



i Japan or abroad, 



..f suiting < i -! Intended 



> ; but ships of war 



.iliori/.ation of tin* 

 Japanese (; i Teasels purchased 



In JajMUIC > Mil i>-> t> shall be nxi>tere<l as Japanese 



. v\ nient i if a ii\el duly of three boos per 



.:n. rs, aiul one boo piT toil for sailing 

 : in jo ot'eaeh vessel shall be proved 

 of the ship, wbicb shall bo 

 li the i-onsul of the party interested, 

 .:i.l of the Japanese authorities, and shall 

 \ tlie consul as authentic, 

 i conformity with the treaties concluded 

 :i Japan uml the aforesaid powers and with 

 i M made by the envoys of the 

 -e iroverninent, in their note to the British 

 ; of the 6th of June, 1862, and in their 

 French government of the 6th of October 

 \ ear. all the restrictions on trade and in- 

 rse between foreigners and Japanese alluded to 

 in the >.iiil notes, have been entirely removed, and 

 :nutions to this effect have been published by 

 .vernmeut of Japan. The latter, however, do 

 not hesitate to declare that Japanese merchants and 

 .11 classes are at liberty to trade directly, 

 and without the interference of government officers, 

 with foreign merchants, not only at the open ports 

 in. but also in all foreign countries, on being 

 authorized to leave their country in the manner-pro- 

 viiled for in Article 10 of the present convention, 

 without being subject to higher taxation by the 

 Japanese government than that levied on the native 

 trading classes of Japan in their ordinary transac- 

 tions with each other. And they further declare that 

 ull Daimios, or persons in the employ of Daimios, are 

 free to visit, on the same condition, any foreign coun- 



- well as all the open ports of Japan, and to 



with foreigners as they please, without 

 the interference of any Japanese officer, provided 

 always they submit to the existing police regulations 

 an I to the payment of the established duties. 



10. All Japanese subjects may ship goods to 



or from any open port in Japan, or to and from the 



of any foreign power, either in vessels owned 



anese, or in the vessels of any nation having 



a treaty with Japan. Furthermore, on being pro- 



w itli passports through the proper department 



of the government, in the manner specified in the 



proclamation of the Japanese government dated the 



'2"jd day of May, 1866, all Japanese subjects may travel 



to any foreign country for purposes of study or trade. 



They may ulso accept employment in any capacity 



ml the vessels of any nation having a treaty 

 rtith Japan. 



AKT. 11. The government of Japan will provide all 



the ports open to foreign trade with such liirhts, 



, ami beacons as may be necessary to render 



secure the navigation of the approaches to the said 



ports. 



AKT. 12. The undersigned beinsj of opinion that it 

 necessary that this convention should be sub- 

 miti -d to their respective governments for ratifica- 

 tion before it comes into operation, it will take effect 

 on and from the 1st day of July, 1866. Each of the 

 contracting parties having obtained the approval of 

 his government to this convention shull make known 

 the same to the others, and the communication in 

 writing of this approval shall take the place of a for- 

 m.il exchange ot ratifications. In witness whereof 

 the above-named plenipotentiaries have signed the 

 present convention, and have affixed thereto their 



. 



Done at Yeddointhe English, French, Dutch, and 

 Japanese lan^ia^es this 2oth day of June, 1866. 



rj S. I'arkes, her Britannic Maje>t\'s Envoy 



Extraordinary uml Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan; 



Leon Roches, Ministre I'lcnipotcntiaire de S. M. 



'Empereur des Fran9ais, au Japan ; A. L. C Port- 



VOL. vi. 27 A 



JAMAICA. 



117 



man, Charge d' Affaires a. i. of the United States, 

 ..m; Do Graeffvan Polsbroek, Politick Agent 

 .--iil (icneraul der Nederluuden, in Japan; 

 Midzuno Idzumi no Kami. 



.1 \MAIOA, ISLAND OF. Tbe occurrences of 



tli" l.iM'T part <>f the year 1865 the riot of 

 tin- Mucks at Morant Bay, and the killing of a 

 number of white men by the rioters, followed 

 liy tlio proclamation of martial law by Governor 

 Eyre, and an indiscriminate slaughter of the 

 blacks, awakened such an excitement through- 

 out England, that the British Government vita 

 compelled to take steps for an immediate and 

 searching inquiry into the conduct of the Ja- 

 maica authorities. Accordingly, a royal com- 

 mission was appointed, composed of Sir Henry 

 Storks, Governor of Malta, Mr. Russell Gurney, 

 M. P., the Recorder of London, and Mr. J. B. 

 Maulo, the Recorder of Leeds, to whom waa 

 intrusted the task of conducting the investiga- 

 tion. It was at the same time arranged that, 

 pending the inquiry, Sir Henry Storks should 

 act as Governor of Jamaica, in the stead of 

 Governor Eyre, who was suspended from office. 

 The commission was charged to inquire into 

 the origin of the outbreak of October, 1865, and 

 the circumstances attending its suppression, and 

 at the same time to ascertain, if possible, wheth- 

 er there was any ground for the statement made 

 by Governor Eyre that a disloyal and rebellious 

 spirit existed among the blacks throughout the 

 island. The commissioners arrived in Jamaica 

 in the mouth of January, and commenced their 

 labors at Spanish Town, on the 25th February ; 

 the delay being occasioned by the necessity for 

 a special session of the island Legislature to pass 

 a law compelling the attendance of witnesses 

 to give evidence before the commission. They 

 bat day by day for forty-eight days, during 

 which time they examined several hundreds of 

 witnesses among them, Governor Eyre, and 

 all the principal civil and military authorities 

 who took an active part in the suppression of 

 the disturbances.- On the conclusion of their 

 labors, Messrs. Gurney and Maule returned to 

 England, and shortly after their arrival there, 

 the report of the commissioners, which was 

 quite a lengthy document, was presented to 

 Parliament. From the report it appeared that 

 during the disturbances 439 persons were put 

 to death, either by hanging or shooting, 1,000 

 cottages of the peasantry burned down by the 

 soldiers, and 600 persons flogged, many of whom 

 were women. The conclusions arrived at by the 

 commissioners were briefly : that the disturb- 

 ances were owing to a planned resistance to law- 

 ful authority ; that the causes leading to it were 

 manifold, but principally a desire to obtain land 

 without rent, want of confidence in the legal 

 tribunals in disputes affecting the negroes, per- 

 sonal hostility, and a wish on the part of some 

 of tho blacks for the death or expulsion of the 

 whites ; that although tho original design waa 

 conceived in the parish of St. Thomas in tho 

 i-a< it spread with singular rapidity over the 

 island, so that had more than a momentary sue- 



