PARAGUAY. 



607 



!>ublio in South America. 

 ! inn I'Ynncisro S..l;iiio Lopez, born in 

 ;,;! tin- presidency on September 10, 

 r additional information on the con- 

 v . ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA. 

 .1, about 73,000 English square 

 j.ulatimi in 1857, 1,387,431. Tlio 

 . in 1865, of about 47.000 men; 

 ..ti-d in July, 18C6, at 60,000. 

 -;ed of 11 steamers and 40 armed 

 flat boat-. An ar-i-nal was built in Assuncion 

 in lsy\ aii'l ahva'ly eigbt steamers liave been 

 built tlu-re. Near the arsenal is ft manufactory 

 of anas, and in Ibicny there is an iron Ibundery 

 wliic i; .if ordnance. The railroad 



winch is to connect Assnncion with Villa Rica, 

 :k'f Commercial city in the interior, has 

 ; inched as far as Luque. 

 Tin- treaty of alliance against Paraguay, 

 which, on the 1st of May, 18ti5, was concluded 

 by tin' plenipotentiaries of Brazil, the Ar_'rn- 

 !;< -public, and Uruguay, was kept secret 

 until April, ISOtJ, when it became known, to 

 annoyance of the allied govern- 

 ments. It is as follows : 



The government of the Oriental Republic of Uru- 

 m:ie-ty the Emperor of Brazil, and of 



.rentine Republic (against the lust two of these 

 war hiw been declared by the government of Para- 

 guay, and the first is in a state of hostilities, having 

 its internal security threatened by the same govern- 

 ment of Paraguay, which, after having disturbed its 

 relations with the neighboring governments by the 

 most abusive as well as aggressive acts, has violated 

 its territory, broken solemn treaties, and disregarded 

 the International law of civilized nations by commit- 



is the most unjustifiable), persuadea that the 



security, and well-being of their respective 

 nations are impossible while the actual government 

 ts, and that their greatest interests 

 of imperious necessity, that said govern- 

 ment . . without, however, any offence to 

 nty, independence, and integrity of said 

 republic nnd its territory, have resolved to enter 

 into a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, in 

 order to obtain the object set forth above, and to this, 

 end they have appointed as their plenipotentiaries, 

 to wit : II. K. the Provisional Governor of the Oii- 

 ental Republic of Uruguay has appointed Dr. Don 

 Carlos de Ca-tro, Secretary of State for Foreign Af- 



!!. M. the Kmperor of Brazil has appointed II. 

 K. I>r. Don Octaviano de Almeida Rosa, of his coun- 



i'uty to the general legislative assembly and 

 Official of the Imperial Order of the Rose; lii- 

 .eney the President of the Argentine Confederation 



pointed Dr. Don Rufino de Elizalde, Secretary 

 of State for Foreign Affairs. After having exchanged 

 their respective credential;., and found them i:: : 

 and due form, these plenipotentiaries have . 

 upon and filtered into the following treaty of alliance : 



'I,B l. The Oriental Republic of Uruguay, 

 :ie Kmperor of Brazil, nnd the Argentina 

 Repoblio, contract an offensive and defensive alliunco 

 in the war which has been provoked by the govern- 

 ment of Paraguay. 



". The allies shall use all the means at their 



;1, iiv land or water (literally, rivers), accord- 

 ing as may become accessary. 



ART. 3. As hostilities will bare to begin on the soil 

 of the Argentine Republic, or on the adjoining bor- 

 der of tin,- Paraguayan territory, the command-in- 

 chief and direction <>f the allied armies shall fall to 

 the charge oi lirigadicr-Qeneral Don Bartolome 

 Mitre, President of the Argentine Republic and 

 :!-in-chicf of its army. The naval forces of 

 the allies shi'll be under the immediate orders of 

 Vice-Admiral the Viscount de Tamandar6, command- 

 ing-in-chief the squadron of his majesty the Emperor 

 of Bruzil. The land forces of the Oriental Republic 

 of Uruguay, one division of the Argentine troops, and 

 another of Brazilian, to be designated by their re- 

 spective superior officers, shall form an army to bo 

 under the immediate command of Brigadier-General 

 Don Vanancio Flores, Provisional Governor of the 

 Oriental Republic of Uruguay. The land forces of his 

 majesty the Emperor of Brazil shall form an army 

 under the immediate command of Brigadier-General 

 Don Manuel Luis Osorio, its generaT-in-chief. Al- 

 though the high contracting parties are agreed in 

 not changing the theatre of the war's operations, 

 nevertheless, in order to preserve the sovereign 

 rights of the three nations, they now agree to follow 

 the principle of reciprocity as regards the chief com- 

 mand of the allied army, so as to provide for any 

 case which might require the war's operations to be 

 transferred to Oriental or Brazilian territory. 



ARTICLES 4 and 5 refer to the internal order and 

 regulation as well as pay, etc., of the troops, and the 

 mutual settlement of accounts occasioned thereby. 



ART. 6. The allies solemnly bind themselves not to 

 lay down their arms unless by common consent, nor 

 until they have overturned the actual government of 

 Paraguay ; neither shall they separately treat of nor 

 sign any treaty of peace, truce, armistice, or agree- 

 ment whatever to end or suspend the war, except it 

 be mutually agreed to. 



ART. 7. As the war is not waged against the people 

 of Paraguay, but against its government, the allies 

 may admit into a Paraguayan legion all the citizens of 

 that nation who may wish to aid in the overthrow of 

 said government, and will furnish them with what- 

 ever they may need in the form and under the condi- 

 tions that shall be agreed upon. 



AUT. 8. The allies bind themselves to respect the 

 independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity 

 of the Republic of Paraguay. In consequence, the 

 people of Paraguay shall be enabled to choose what- 

 ever government and institutions may suit them, 

 without having to submit, as a result of the v, 

 incorporation with any of the allies or having to ac- 

 cept the protectorate of any of them. 



ART. 9. The independence, sovereignty, and terri- 

 torial integrity of the Republic of Paraguay shall, in 

 accordance with the preceding article, be guaranteed 

 collectively by the high contracting parties for the 

 term of five years. 



AKT. in. It is agreed between the high contracting 

 parties that the exemptions, privileges or conces- 

 sions which they may obtain from the government 

 of Paraguay shall be common to them all gratui- 

 touslv, should they be so obtained, and upon com- 

 mon conditions should they be gotten conditionally, 



Aitr. 11. After the present government of Para- 

 guay shall have been overthrown, the allies shall 

 .1 to make arrangements with the newly-con- 

 stituted authority in order to secure the free navi- 

 gation of the rivers Parana and Paraguay, so that the 

 laws or regulations of said republic may not obstruc^ 

 impede, or tax the transit across or navigation along 

 sai.l rivers by the merchants or war-vessels of the 

 allied States bound to points whhin their respective 

 territories, or within territory which may iu>' vclonff 



