

G15 



lull tlio scholars attend tl until 



- 4i]il, HIM! go steadily 



This is fiir 



MIOM- u lio 



nun >chools an- found in M-hool 

 11 v.'nrx old, and the great 

 ' entirely 1-y the tinu- they 



are sixteen, and while thu*; attending, an-ab-t-nt 

 fnun tho school-room nearly one-third of the 



At tho election in October, tbe entire vote for 



,"o. .l,,hu \V. Grary was 

 '.>rity of 17,178. The delegation 

 -ss is couipose<l of 18 Republicans, 

 8 Democrats. The Lc-jrislatiiro is divided 

 : Senate 21 Republicans, lii Dcm- 

 i>i tii] ':.-pii!>lieans, 8 Democrats. 

 I'KJil', >\ repub.tc in South America. Presi- 

 .:.'), General Mariano Ignacio 

 . Area, 508,90fi square miles; popula- 

 m 18tiO, 2,065,000. The army of the re- 

 public, in 1866, was composed as follows: in- 

 , 8,400 men ; cavalry, 1,200 ; artillery, 

 farmerie, 5,408; total, 16,008. The 

 iaii navy consisted, in the summer of 

 1866, of 1 iron-clad frigate, called the Indepen- 

 di-ncia, 2 other steam frigates (Apurimat and 

 Amazonas), 3 corvettes and a brig, armed in 

 tho aggrcgato with 110 puns. The Indepen- 

 d. nciu, Imilt at Poplar, London, has a .stem 

 : Meted as a ram, and the armament con- 

 sists entirely of Armstrong's guns on the ohunt 

 principle, viz., 12 70-pounders of 4 tons each on 

 the main deck, and 2 pivot-guns, 150 pounders, 

 weighing 7 tons each, on the upper deck. These 

 latter gnus can be used on a line even with the 

 keel. The value of imports, in 1865, amounted 

 to about 35,000,000 and of exports to 40,290,- 

 048 dollars. Tho number of vessels entering 

 the ports of the republic, in 1805, was 1,436, of 

 -ie tonnage of 936,977, and the num- 

 K-arances 1,316. of an aggregate tonnage 

 of 844,771. 



In December, 18G5, a defensive and offen- 



llianco was concluded between Pern and 



Chili, which the dictator, General Prado, 



by a decree, dated January 14, 18<!f>, announced 



to the nation.* The naval squadron of JVni 



it unco to join that of Chili. Th< 

 operations of the Spaniards were di; 

 u.;ain-t Chili, and ended in the bombardment 

 of the city Hi' Valparaiso. (6>cCiuu.) On April 

 14th, the Spanish squadron, including the Nu- 

 mancia, Villa do Madrid, Almanza, Blanca, Re- 

 solucion, Berengnela, Veiicedm-a, the transports 

 Sam, and Paquete de Mauley, and a store- 

 ship, left Valparaiso for Callao, where they ap- 

 peared during the forenoon of the 'J."Hh. An 

 immediate attack being apprehended, all tho 

 Merchant vessels, about 150 in number, hauled 

 out of the way, and nothing remained in thu 

 harbor except the men-of-war and a k v. 

 lish steamers, which retained their positions 

 until the morning of the attack. The Spam.-h 



tbo substance of tbe treaty In AKKCAL CYCLOP JUHA 

 for 1805. 



admiral, Xunez, at once issued a manifesto an- 

 nouncing that tho port would be blockaded 

 from the 27th, and that neutral v --.N would 

 have six days in which to clear with their <.-, : 

 Four days were given in which to nu:o\<- pri- 

 property, and the women and children 

 from tho city, and after that dato no 

 would be permitted to communicate with tho 

 shore, with the exception of foreign men-of-war. 

 Callao was not as unprepared for tho bombard- 

 ment as Valparaiso. For a long time past tho 

 Peruvians had been fortifying to the northward 

 and westward of the city. The works had been 

 planned and carried to their present condition 

 by competent engineers, and they had imported 

 the most approved and heaviest ordnance. Tho 

 defences of the city were as follows : 



BATTERIES TO THE WESTWARD. 



No. 1 Eight 32-pounders, facing the bay of Bella- 



No. 2 Six 82-pounders, smooth bore. 



No. 3 Two 300-pounders, Armstrong rifles. 



No. 4 Six 32-pounders, smooth bore. 



No. 5 Two 450-pounders, Blakely rifles; one 8- 

 inch rifle; five 24-pounders, smooth, and one 32- 

 pounder. 



No. 6 Five 32-pounders, smooth bore. 



BATTERIES TO THE NORTHWARD. 



No. 7 One 450-pounder, Blakely rifle. 

 No, 8 Two 450-pounders, Blakely rifle. 

 No. 9 Two 800-pounders, Armstrong rifle. 



FORCES AFLOAT. 



Steamer Loa (iron-clad) Two 8-inch pnns. 

 Monitor Victoria (iron-clad) One 8-inch gun. 

 Three wooden gunboats, mounting five guns it all, 

 82 and 24-poundcrs. 



Thus it will be seen that, although the num- 

 ber of guns was small in comparison with tho 

 broadsides of the heavy frigates, still their 

 calibre was of a character to inspire confidence. 



The first of May was the day appointed for 

 the bombardment, but as it was so foggy on that 

 day, that nothing could be distinguished with 

 certainty for any length of time, the Spanish 

 commander adjourned the attack to the next 

 day (May 2d), when there was nothing to pre- 

 vent an engagement on the part of the weather. 

 The following account of the battle is condensed 

 from tho correspondence of an eye-witness in 

 the New York Herald : 



At eleven A. M., signal was made from the Nn- 

 xnuucia, flag-ship, to get under weigh. Soon after, 

 tin? MX frigates, with steam up and topmasts and 

 lower yards down, tripped their anchors and formed 

 lino of battle in two columns of attack. The column 

 to engage the northern forts consisted of the Villa 

 de Madrid, Almanza, and Berenguela, the latter lead- 

 ing. Those destined to play their part on the west- 

 eru forts were the Numancia, Blanca, and Hesolu- 

 cion. The northern column moved into action head- 

 ing to the southward and westward, while the south- 

 ern column headed' to the eastward and northward, 

 the gunboat Vencedora taking position between the 

 tun i-'ilumns, in order to render assistance in the 

 evi'iit of. any ship being disabled in filing lino. 



At ten minutes past twelve the first shot was fired 

 from battery No. 2 at the Numancia, and was replied 

 to at once by that ship. Not more than fire min- 

 utes elapsed before the action became general with 

 Divisions of the lint, that to the northward 

 timing so as to be behind the western column. The 



