SCnWARZBUBO. 



SCOTT, WINFIELD. 



C8J 



Prussian province. Tho area and population 



. .lin;,' to the census of 180 1, as follows : 



Square miles. Population. 



.wig 8.Y04 40(5,488 



654,510 



IWAKZBURG, the name of two Ger- 

 man principalities. Kriijniiig princes, Giinther, 

 JVinco of Schwarzburg-Sonderslmusen, born 

 S.'|item!-cr -1, 1801; succeeded his lather, Au- 

 giM ! .md Cuntlie, Prince of Schwarz- 



t, born November 6, 1793; suo 



1 his father April 28, 1807. The area, pop- 

 ulation, and tho contingents to the Federal army 

 of the old Herman Confederation, were as fol- 

 lows: 



Square mllos. Pop'n. Cong't- 



Schwarzburjj-Sondcrshausen.. 818 60,189 826 

 Schwarxburg-lludolstadt 840 73,752 989 



:! y all the inhabitants profess the Lutheran 

 Q. Both the duchies, in the German-Ital- 

 ian war, took sides with Prussia, and after the 

 war joined the North German Confederation. 



SCOT!', Brevet Li cut. -General, WINFIELD, 

 I.L.I)., a commanding officer in tho U. S. Army, 

 born in Petersburg, Va., June 13, 1786 ; died at 

 West Point, N. Y., May 29. 1860. His grand- 

 father was a Scotchman of the family of Buc- 

 cleuch, and escaped with difficulty to America, 

 after having fought for the Pretender at Cul- 

 loden. After spending two years in William 

 and Mary College, ho studied law, was admitted 

 to the bar in 180C, and the following year went 

 to Charleston with the intention of settling 

 there, but before he had fairly entered upon 

 the practice of his profession, Congress, in view 

 of imminent hostilities with England, passed a 

 bill to enlarge the army, and he obtained a com- 

 mission as captain of light artillery, and entered 

 upon his career as a soldier. Recruiting a com- 

 pany, he was stationed at Baton Rouge, La., in 

 the division commanded by Gen. Wilkinson, 

 who in the next year was superseded, and the 

 young captain then expressed what was tho 

 general opinion, namely, that his latecommand- 

 T was implicated in Burr's conspiracy. For 

 t!ii- ho was tried by court-martial, and sentenced 

 to one year's suspension from rank and pay, 

 which period he employed in tho diligent study 

 of works on military art. War having been 

 declared against Great Britain in June, 1812, 

 Captain Scott was made a lieutenant-colonel in 

 the second artillery tho following month, and 

 was stationed at Black Rock with two com- 

 panies of his regiment. Taking part in tho 

 battle of Queenstown Heights, the field wa* at 

 iirst won under his direction ; but it was finally 

 lost, and himself and his command taken pris- 

 oners, from the refusal of tho troops at Lewi.-ton 

 to cross to their assistance. One of the exciting 

 causes of the war was the claim of the British 

 Government to the right of impressing seamen 

 into its service, and acting upon this tho Brit- 

 ish officers selected from the American soldiers 

 such as appeared to be Irishmen, with tho 

 'ivov.-ed intention of sending them to England 



to be punished for treason. Scott threatened 

 tho retaliation of his government, and < 

 an equal number of British prisoner* to be set 

 a.-idi; fora like fate with the others. Exchanged 

 in January, 1813, ho immediately made a i 

 of the matter to the Secretary of War, resulting 

 in tho passage of an act investing tho President 

 of tho United States with "the power of retal- 

 iation." Immediately after the capture of York, 

 Upper Canada, Scott rejoined the army on the 

 frontier as adjutant to Gen. Dearborn, with the 

 rank of colonel. He took part in the expedition 

 against Fort George; landed hie men in good 

 order, and scaled a steep height in tho presence 

 of tho enemy, carrying the position at the point 

 of tho. bayonet. Fort George was no longer 

 tenable, and the British abandoned it after 

 placing slow matches at the magazines, one of 

 which exploded, hurling a piece of timber 

 against tho colonel while in his saddle, and in- 

 juring his left shoulder severely. Two officers 

 snatched away the matches from the other 

 magazines, and Col. Scott hauled down tho 

 British flag. The wound in his shoulder was 

 protracted in its recovery and left his arm par- 

 tially disabled. He served well in Wilkinson's 

 campaign, was made a brigadier-general in 

 March, 1814, and immediately thereafter estab- 

 lished a camp of instruction at Buffalo, where 

 his own and other officers were drilled into 

 thorough and accurate discipline. He now 

 served a vigorous and brilliant campaign, being 

 present at the taking of Fort Erie, winning the 

 battle of Cbippewa, and doing good service at 

 Lundy's Lane, where he was twice severely 

 wounded. These two engagements established 

 the prestige of our arms, and were fraught with 

 great results to our country. For his gallant 

 conduct Scott was brevetted major-general, hia 

 commission dating July 25th, 1814, the day ot 

 the battle of Lundy's Lane. He also receive^ 

 a gold medal from Congress, and was tendered 

 a position in the cabinet as Secretary of War, 

 which ho declined. After assisting in the re- 

 duction of the army to a peace basis, he went 

 to Europe by order of the Government in a mil- 

 itary and diplomatic capacity, and for the res- 

 toration of his health. Ho returned home in 

 1816, and in March of the following year was 

 married to Miss Maria Mayo, daughter of John 

 Mayo, Esq., of Richmond, Va. Ho led the 

 troops in the Black Hawk War of 1832, and 

 the latter part of the same year went south to 

 command tne national troops at Charleston and 

 elsewhere, during the nullification excitement, 

 where his prudence, tact, and discretion, saved 

 the country from what seemed the inevitable 

 danger of intestinal war. In 1835 he was or- 

 to Florida, but recalled and employed in 

 the Creek war, and afterward sent before a 

 court of inquiry, but dismissed with honor. In 

 the frontier troubles connected with the Cana- 

 dian rebellion of 1837, and subsequently with 

 the disputes two years later on the northeastern 

 boundary line, and with the removal of the 

 Cherokees from Georgia in 1888, General ScoU 



