SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



TELEGRAPH, ELECTRIC. 719 



The hipli:rt prices of white Havana sugar in 

 fho yea;--* mil-led, in order, were (October), 

 $10.2," ; < N'.v, inber) $12.50; (October and No- 

 vember) $15.60; (August) $29.00; (January) 

 i; and the lo\\-i-<t prices of the satin-, in 

 years (June), $0.50; (March ami 

 April) $9.00; (.January) $11.25: (January) 

 $14.7.1; (May and June) $15.50. The high, st, 

 of Cuba muscovado wore (October and 

 November), $8.75; (November) $11.00; (No- 

 vember) $13.25; (August) $25.00; (January) 

 $22.50; and tlio highest prices of New Orleans 

 Miirar (December), $9.80; (November) $11.50; 

 nih.-r) $14.2:3; (August) $26.00; (of the 

 first month, January) $25.00. 



Finally, the consumption of sugar from all 

 tource* in the United States, in 1864, is set 

 down at 280.500 tons (a decrease of 60,000 tons 

 from the preceding year); and in 1865, at 412,- 

 ms (an increase over the preceding year 

 of 131,500 tons). 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY, two kingdoms 

 in Northern Europe, united under one king. 

 it king, Charles XV., born May 3, 1826; 

 succeeded his father on July 8, 185y. Area of 

 Sweden and Norway, 292,440 square miles. 

 Population of Sweden, in 1860, according to the 

 census, 2,272,687; in 1865, according to the cal- 

 culation based upon 'the annual surplus of 

 births over deaths, 2,412,983; population of 

 Norway, according to the census of 1855, 1,490,- 

 047; according to the census of 1865, 1,701,478. 

 The Swedish island of St. Bartholomew, in the 

 West Indies, had, in 1866, 2,898 inhabitants. 

 The Swedish budget for 1867 estimates the 

 revenue and expenditures at 85,578,740 rix dol- 

 lars each. The larger portion of the army and 

 many civil officers receive their pay from certain 

 crown lands, the revenue from which is not in- 

 cluded in the budget. In the Norwegian budget, 

 for the period from 1866 to 1869, the annual 

 revenue and expenditures are fixed at 4,770,000 



(Norwegian) dollars each. The public tlobt of 

 n, in 1865, 74,068,000 rix dollars; 

 that of Norway 8,240,700 dollars. TheSv. 

 army consisted, in 1866, of 124,807 men. Nor- 

 way, according to the new army bill of 1866, 

 bad, in time of peace, a regular army of 12,000 

 men, and in time of war 18,000. The landwehr 

 is to bo exclusively used for the defence of the- 

 country. The value of the imports and ex- 

 ports of SweJen, in 1864, was as follows: im- 

 ports, 96,549,00u ; exports, 94,000,000 rix dol- 

 lars. The imports of Norway, in 1863, were 

 valued at 19,354.000 ; the exports at 14,947,000 

 dollars. 



The old Swedish Constitution, according to 

 which the Diet consisted of four chambers or 

 estates, namely, those of the nobles, the clergy, 

 the burghers, and the peasants, formally ceased 

 by the adjournment of the Diet, on June 22d. 

 The next Diet would consist of only two cham- 

 bers. (See the main points of the new Swedish 

 Constitution in the ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 

 1865.) 



SWITZERLAND, a Federal Republic in Eu- 

 rope.* Area, 15,933 square miles; population, 

 in 1860, 2,510,494. The Federal army, in 1865, 

 consisted of 197,963 men (of whom 47,944 were 

 reserved troops, and 64,549 landwehr). Pres- 

 ident of the " Federal Council " (the executive 

 consisting of seven members) for 1866, Jos. 

 Martin Knusel, of Lflcerne ; for 1867, Con- 

 stantin Fornerod, of Vaud. 



In January a popular vote was taken on some 

 amendments to the Federal Constitution. The 

 third amendment, providing for the right of 

 voting in communal affairs by citizens settled 

 in other cantons than their own, and the sixth, 

 providing for religious liberty, were adopted ; all 

 the others were rejected. In December the Fed- 

 eral Assembly voted a loan of 12,000,000 francs 

 for furnishing the Federal array with breach- 

 loaders. 



T 



TAXATION. (Sfc FIXASCKS.) 



TELEGRAPH, ELECTRIC. In connection 

 with the telegraphic movements and progress of 

 the year 1866, two great enterprises will mainly 

 claim attention ; those, namely, of the laying 

 of the Atlantic, submarine wires, and of the 

 continued furtherance of the overland inter- 

 continental or Ruaio-Araerican line. 



The Atlantic Submarine Telegraph Lic. 

 Of the earlier attempts to lay a telegraph cable 

 along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, from 

 Ireland to Newfoundland, with the history of 

 which the reading public have been generally 

 made familiar, accounts will be found under the 

 proper titles in the NEW AMERICAN CYCLOPAE- 

 DIA, and in previous volumes of this CYCLO- 

 PAEDIA. 



The original "New York, Newfoundland, 



and London Telegraph Company," its members 

 all citizens of New York, and Mr. Peter Cooper 

 president, was organized in 1854. The " Atlan- 

 tic Telegraph Company" was formed in 1856; 

 and of this, in 1858, the members were citizens 

 of Great Britain, the United States, and the 

 Canada?, its president at the time being Mr. 

 Samuel Gurney, of London. 



In the first attempt at the laying of a cable 

 across the Atlantic, commenced August 5, 

 1857, the cable parted, with loss of the shore 

 end, on the llth of the same month, when 334 

 miles of it, starting at Valentia Bay on the 

 western coast of Ireland, had been paid out. 



* Sec ANKTAL CYCLOP JTDIA for 1S6S, for an account of th 

 Federal Constitution, the population V each of the cantons, 

 ?ccl. -iasttcal statistics, largest citie*, and th oompositioc 

 of the National Council. 



