732 



TENNESSEE. 



TERRITORIES, UNITED STATES. 



one of them received wounds which subse- 

 quently proved fatal, and the case was tried 

 before a jury of twelve black men, in the 

 Freedmen's court. The jury returned a ver- 

 dict of " manslaughter in the second degree " 

 (that is unintentional) ; but, after the court had 

 explained the return of their verdict, they again 

 retired, and returned with a verdict discharg- 

 ing the prisoner. 



In a trial which occurred at Memphis, two 

 colored women were offered as witnesses. 

 They were objected to by the counsel for the 

 Defence, but the court decided that, under the 

 recent act of the Legislature, they were com- 

 petent to testify. The counsel again objected 

 "hat they did not understand the obligations of 

 an oath ; whereupon the court examined them 

 and found that, although they had a good con- 

 ception of the moral obligations of an oath, 

 they had no idea of a prosecution for perjury, 

 and on that ground rejected them. 



Owing to the differences of opinions and in- 

 terests which prevail between a large number 

 of the inhabitants of "East Tennessee" and 

 those of the rest of the State, a convention was 

 called to meet in Knoxville on the first Thurs- 

 day in May, to consider the propriety and ex- 

 pediency of forming a new State, to be known 

 as " East Tennessee." The convention was at- 

 tended by delegates from all the counties of 

 that part of the State, and continued during 

 two days. S. R. Rogers, of Knox County, pre- 

 sided. An address, giving a statement of rea- 

 sons for a division of the State, and the follow- 

 ing resolutions, were adopted : 



Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention 

 that it will be best for the peace and happiness 

 of all the people of the State, that the district known 

 as- East Tennessee should be formed into a new 

 State. 



Resolved, That the president of this convention 

 be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint three 

 persons, who, in conjunction with himself, are re- 

 quested to proceed at once to Nashville, and request, 

 in such mode as they may deem most expedient, the 

 Legislature to pass a law giving its assent to aid the 

 measure, provided a majority of the people of East 

 Tennessee vote for it. 



Resolved, That the president of this convention be. 

 requested to appoint persons to prepare and publish 

 an address to the people of East Tennessee, setting 

 forth our reasons for this grave step. 



The debt of Tennessee, January 1, 1866, was 

 as follows : 



Included in the above estimate are State 

 bonds to the amount of $331,000, issued to rail- 

 road and turnpike companies, after the passage 

 of the ordinance of secession, but which had 

 been previously authorized by the Legislature, 

 for the payment of which no provision has yet 

 made. Under the head of " State debt 



proper " are classed all issues for turnpike 

 stock, bank stock, railroad stock, and public 

 purposes for which the State is directly liable. 

 The class " State bonds loaned" covers all is- 

 sues which have been loaned on the security 

 of the works for which they were separately 

 made, and also an issue of $30,000 to the Agri- 

 cultural Bureau. The bonds indorsed by the 

 State were exclusively for railroad companies ; 

 those for the Memphis and Little Rock Rail- 

 road were, in fact, bonds of the city of Mem- 

 phis, loaned to that company and indorsed by 

 the State. A law passed by the Legislature 

 has provided for the issuing of six per cent, 

 coupon bonds, dated January 1, 1866, and pay- 

 able January 1, 1892, to an amount sufficient 

 to pay off all bonds and interest past due, as 

 well as those which fell due in 1866, issued or 

 indorsed by the State previous to the so-caUed 

 act of secession, passed May 6, 1861. 



TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

 The Territories of the United States retrained 

 in 1866 the same in respect to organization 

 and name, as in the preceding year. A bill 

 to admit Colorado into the Union as a State 

 failed to become a law by reason of the Pres- 

 ident's veto, and it was found impossible to 

 carry the measure by a two-thirds vote over 

 the veto. An act erecting Montana into a 

 surveying district was also vetoed. 



ARIZONA. The development of the resources 

 of this young Territory was greatly retarded in 

 1866 by the ravages and threatening demonstra- 

 tions of the Apache Indians, who, according to 

 Governor McCormick, nun,ber about 5,000 

 persons, including 1,000 warriors. These In- 

 dians have no permanent home, but are essen- 

 tially nomadic. They are by nature cowardly, 

 treacherous, and bloodthirsty, seeking every ad- 

 vantage in warfare, never attacking equal num- 

 bers, and, by their alert movements in small 

 bands over an immense area of country, elude 

 detection or capture unless constantly pursued. 

 Their range is east of Tucson, the Pima villages, 

 Wickenburg, and Prescott, west of which they 

 seldom venture; and their raids are upon the 

 roads connecting these towns with each other, 

 with the forts to the eastward, and with New 

 Mexico, and upon the mining and farming 

 camps scattered along the Hassayampa, the 

 Agua Frio, the Verde, the Salinas, the upper 

 Gila, and throughout that part of Pima County 

 east of Tucson, and that upon the Sonora line. 



They have resisted all attempts to civilize 

 them, and, in the opinion of experienced mil- 

 itary officers, their extermination is indispensa- 

 ble to the safety of the Territory. A constant 

 force is required to keep them in subjection, as 

 they will net observe treaty stipulations. Cap- 

 tain George B. Sanford made a successful ex- 

 pedition against them from Fort McDowell. 

 With ninety-one enlisted men he left the fort 

 on the evening of the 27th September, and, 

 by marching mostly by night, succeeded in 

 penetrating some ninety miles into the Apache 

 country before he was discovered. Then, by a 



