TI:I:I:IKM: TIII: i NTIKD STATES. 



735 



iConftaa are to be received 



!i the people >f t!.< 

 tribe- not to participate in annuities, 



i- to lie p;ii.l fur at$l per 



tribes are iff I 

 ; wiines.-vs in tin- I 

 rriminals taking refii^v in their 

 be returned upon iv<|iii-ition. 

 offices are to bo established intiic country, 

 was made with 



. June 14, ISM;. This trcat\ 



. :icc and friendship, declaro amm -,! y 



! 1-tablishes the freed me 11 



in full equality of rights and privileges, as 



in tlie national noil and funds. 



. Iju-tmcnt of this question oceupied a long 



:reaty, as timdly agreed upon, guaraii- 



: frecdmen full equality. The Indians 



. .rnmeiit, to he used for ti. 

 it theivon of other Indians, the west half 

 of their domain, estimated at 3,250,560 acres of 

 land. 



'1 he. last of the four treaties with tribes in the 

 'Indian country" was made with the Chero- 

 kees, eonelnded July 19, 1866. More difficulty 

 1 in arriving at the consumma- 

 :' a treaty with the Cherokees than with 

 any of the other tribes or nations of the In- 

 dian country. The general featoresof tho treaty 

 are as follows : The treaty made with the Con- 

 , October 7, 1861, is rcpudi- 

 and the Government 

 ..mncsty for all past ollenees. A Dni- 

 eoiirt is to be established in the Ter- 

 ritory. All distinctions between the two por- 

 ople may be abrogated x by the 

 President at the desire of those parties. Slavery 

 is abolished, and the full rights of the frecdraen 

 are acknowledged. The right of way for railroads 

 red ; consent is given for a general council, 

 he Seininole treaty. Provisions are made 

 for the settlement of friendly Indians of other 

 tribes among the C'herokecs in two methods, 

 : by abandoning their own tribal organ i- 

 . and becoming practically a part of the 

 l;ee nation, and residing in a more coin- 

 settled and eastern part of the domain, 

 or by retaining their tribal existence, an 

 tling farther WeM ; in either ca-e, land occupied 

 by them to be paid for at prices to bo agreed 

 upon between the (iovernmeot and the Chero- 

 The tract of 800,000 acres in Kansas, 

 known as the neutral lands, is ceded to the 

 Government in trust, to be surveyed an 

 for the benefit of the Indians, the proceeds to 

 be invented for them in the proportion 



nt. for education, 15 per cent, for an or- 

 phun fund, and 50 per cent, for the n.. 

 fund. 



A treaty was also concluded with the Chip- 



M '.M\NA. This distant region presents 



many attractions to immigrant:), and is rapidly 

 growing in population and importance. Its im- 

 meii-ie mineral resource- amply repay the lubor 

 requisite for their development, and constitute 



the elements of steady and permanent growth. 



Th total mineral product of the Territory this 

 ,-nate.l by the miners at $25,000,000. 

 Apart from its minerals, the Territory possesses 

 many extremely fi-rtilo valleys, and, it is as- 

 serted, line facilities for grazing. Gallatin 

 valley produced, in 1866, 00,000 bushels of 

 wheat. The Governor is Green Clay Smith, of 

 Kentucky, in place of Thomas Francis Meagher, 

 resigned. The population has been, for the 

 mo,t part, transient, though it is thought nearly 

 half tho entire number remained through the 

 win' 



Montana forms part of the Dakota surveying 

 district, and is remote from tho seat of the Sur- 

 veyor-General's office. In consideration of this 

 fact, and of the unsettled condition of the 

 plains, growing out of Indian incursions, it has 

 been deemed proper to defer surveys in that 

 Territory until tho ensuing season. 



A telegraph line has been completed between 

 Virginia City and Salt Lake, thus bringing the 

 Territory in immediate and direct communica- 

 tion with all parts of the country. 



From May to October over 2,500 passengers 

 were carried over the stage-line between Fort 

 Benton and Helena; and during the period 

 named, 9,068 tons of freight passed from Ben- 

 ton to Helena; 4,375 freight-wagons passed 

 over the same road. Forty -five steamboats, 

 with passengers and freight, landed at Fort 

 lien ton from St. Louis, and other points in the 

 Kast. This is the first season that this trade has 

 been carried on to any extent. 



In common with other Territories, Montana 

 has suffered from Indian depredations, and 

 murders have been frequent. The number of 

 troops stationed at the different posts is small, 

 and, watching their opportunity, the savages 

 have from time to time succeeded in murder- 

 ing at least 150 soldiers. Tho Legislature is 

 divided as follows: Council 11 Democrats, 2 

 Republicans ; House 22 Democrats, 4 Repub- 

 licans. 



NEBRASKA. This State has an area of about 

 76,000 square miles, with a river front- 

 ago on the Missouri of nearly 300 miles. The 

 word Nebraska is of Indian origin, signifying 

 No, water, and brcuka, wide or shaUow, and 

 being applied to the Platte River, the principal 

 tributary of the Missouri, which runs centrally 

 through nearly the entire length of the State, 

 from east to west, was afterward used to name- 

 the Territory. The face of tho country is gen- 

 tly-rolling prairie. The climate is pure, dry, 

 and healthy, and somewhat milder than in tho 

 same latitudes at tho East, and the soil rich and 

 easy of cultivation. For purposes of grazing 

 and stock-raising, Nebraska is peculiarly fa- 

 ui'l by a local law, sheep, to the rais- 

 ing of which much attention has of late been 

 given, to the number of 600, owned by a 

 single individual, are exempt from taxation. 

 The chief products of the State are Indian 

 corn, wheat (spring and fall crops), oats, hemp, 

 tobacco, sorghum, bay, and vegetab'es of till 



