38 



ALLIANCE, EVANGELICAL. 



states, and which, though it had subsided, had 

 left manifest and permanent evidences of its 

 power. The history occupied twenty octavo 

 volumes, and though the first was published in 

 1833, the work was not completed till 1850. 

 The work gave evidence of unremitting toil, ex- 

 tended research, and generally of accuracy and 

 patience in the collection and arrangement of 

 facts. Its rhetorical merits were not great ; 

 diffuseuess of style, an overweening fondness 

 for metaphors, which were often obscure and 

 not unfrequeutly sadly mixed, and too often, 

 repetitions and bald commonplaces, mar the 

 work and render it any thing but a model 

 of elegant and forceful English composition. 

 Another serious defect in the work is, that the 

 historian belonged by birth, education, and 

 connection, to the Tory or Conservative party ; 

 and in writing of events which had so recently 

 occurred, he was greatly and undoubtedly often 

 unconsciously influenced, by his hatred of revo- 

 lutions, to do gross,, injustice to men who were 

 the principal actors in the events which he de- 

 scribed. Still, despite these failings, his work 

 possesses great value for its accumulation of 

 facts, and the generally good use made of them ; 

 and while other histories of the same period, of 

 which there are now many, written from a dif- 

 ferent stand-point, should be read in connection 

 with it, to correct its errors, it is a work with 

 which we could not well dispense. Its sale 

 was unprecedented. Of the costly library edi- 

 tion one hundred and eight thousand volumes, 

 and of the less expensive people's edition four 

 hundred and thirty-nine thousand volumes were 

 sold. In 1852-1856 Sir Archibald (he was 

 raised to a baronetcy by the Derby ministry in 

 1852) followed his great work by a " History 

 of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon to the Ac- 

 cession of Louis Napoleon," and eventually ex- 

 tended it to the coup d'etat of December, 1852. 

 This work was comprised in four volumes. He 

 also found time to prepare two legal works, 

 " The principles of the Criminal Law of Scot- 

 land," and "The Practice of the Criminal Law 

 of Scotland," a "Life of Marlborough " in three 

 volumes, " Essays, Historical, Political, and 

 Miscellaneous," originally published in Black- 

 wood's Magazine, in three volumes, and the 

 "Principles of Population," in two volumes. 

 His great history and his essays have been re- 

 published in this country, and his history has 

 been translated into all the languages of Europe, 

 as well as into Arabic and Hindostanee. In 

 1853 he received the degree of D. C. L. from 

 Oxford University; in 1855 he was appointed 

 Lord Eector of Marischal College, Aberdeen; 

 and in 1861 he was elected to the same honor 

 by the University of Glasgow. 



ALLIANCE, EVANGELICAL. One of the most 

 important religious assemblies held in the year 

 1867 was the meeting of the "Evangelical 

 Alliance," which began at Amsterdam, Hol- 

 land, on Augast 18th. The "Evangelical Alli- 

 ance " is intended to be the common bond of 

 union of all those Protestant denominations of 



the world which are generally called " Evan- 

 gelical," and which, while disagreeing in some 

 points of their creeds, agre'e in believing in the 

 divinity of Christ, in the plenary inspiration of 

 the Bible, and in the sufficiency of the Bible as 

 the sole rule of faith. 



The idea of the Alliance was first elaborated 

 in 1845 at a conference held in Liverpool, which 

 was preparatory in its character, and which, 

 after a long discussion of the points common to 

 Evangelical denominations, adopted the follow- 

 ing declaration of the doctrinal basis of the or- 

 ganization : 



That the parties composing this Alliance be such 

 persons as shall hold and maintain what are usually 

 understood to be evangelical views in regard to the 

 matters of doctrine. 



1. Divine inspiration, authority, and sufficiency of 

 the Holy Scriptures. 



2. Bight and duty of private judgment in the in- 

 terpretation of Holy Scripture. 



3. Unity of the Godhead, and trinity of persons 

 therein. 



4. Utter depravity of human nature in consequence 

 of the fall. 



5. The incarnation of the Son of God ; His work of 

 atonement for sinners of mankind, and His mediato- 

 rial intercession and reign. 



6. The justification of the sinner by faith alone. 



7. The work of the Holy Spirit in the conversion 

 and sanctification of the sinner. 



8. The immortality of the soul, the resurrection of 

 the body, the judgment of the world by the Lord 

 Jesus Christ, with the eternal blessedness of the 

 righteous, and the eternal punishment of the wicked. 



9. The divine institution of the Christian ministry, 

 and the obligation and perpetuity of the ordinances 

 of baptism and the Lord's Supper. 



It is, however, distinctly declared, first, that this 

 brief summary is not to be regarded, in any formal 

 or ecclesiastical sense, as a creed or confession, or 

 the adoption of it as involving any assumption of the 

 right to define the limits of Christian brotherhood, 

 but simply as an indication of the class of persons 

 whom it is desirable to embrace in the Alliance. Sec- 

 ond, that the selection of certain tenets and the 

 omission of others are not to be held as implying that 

 the former constitutes the whole body of important 

 truth, or that the latter is unimportant. 



The "Evangelical Alliance" has thus far held 

 five General Assemblies, to which all the evan- 

 gelical churches of the world were invited : at 

 London, in 1846; at Paris, in .1855; at Berlin, 

 in 1857; at Geneva, in 1860. The fifth was 

 the one which took place at Amsterdam in Au- 

 gust, 1867. The meeting was largely attended. 

 There were delegates from France, Germany, 

 Switzerland, Holland, Great Britain, the United 

 States, the British American Provinces, Italy, 

 Spain, Sweden, and Eastern countries. Baron 

 Van Wassenaar Catwijk presided. Among the 

 more prominent delegates were Dr. Krum- 

 macher, Professor Herzog, Dr. Tholuck, and 

 Professor Lange, of Germany ; Pasteur Bersier, 

 Dr. de Prepense 1 , and Professor St. Hilaire, of 

 France; Dr. Guthrie, of Scotland; John Pye 

 Smith, Archdeacon Philpot, and S. Gurney, M. 

 P., of England ; Merle d'Aubigne", of Switzer- 

 land ; the Rev. Dr. Prime, of the United States, 

 and many others. The opening sermon was 

 preached by Professor Van Oosterzee. Among 



