40 



AMEEICA. 



ANDREW, JOHN A. 



surrection took place in the latter months of 

 the year in the Eepublic of Peru. In the United 

 States of Colombia some acts of the President, 

 Hosquera, were declared by Congress and most 

 of the State governments to be unconstitutional, 

 and called forth a movement which ended in 

 the arrest and subsequent banishment of Mos- 

 quera. (See COLOMBIA.) In Hayti, a success- 

 ful revolution overthrew the authority of Pres- 

 ident Geffrard, and so changed the constitution 

 of the country as to give to it, instead of a life- 

 long President, one elected for the term of four 

 years only. (See HAYTI.) Insurrections of less 

 importance, and without serious results, took 

 place in the Argentine Eepublic, Venezuela and 

 Santo Domingo. In Ecuador the conflict be- 

 tween the President and Congress led to the 

 resignation of the former, though no force of 

 arms was used on either side. 



In the United States the chief feature in the 

 political history of the year was the legislation 

 of Congress for the reconstruction of the South- 

 ern States. An effort made by a portion of the 

 Eepublican party in Congress to impeach the 

 President failed. In compliance with the re- 

 construction acts passed by Congress over the 

 veto of the President, a vote was taken in sev- 

 eral of the Southern States on the question 

 whether a State convention should be held to 

 form new State constitutions in harmony with 

 the reconstruction policy of Congress. At these 

 elections the colored population, for the first 

 time, exercised the right of suffrage. In all the 

 States only a small majority of the registered 

 voters took part in the election, as the Conser- 

 vative party abstained from voting. In each 

 State a number of the delegates elected to the 

 State conventions were colored, and in South 

 Carolina the colored delegates constitute a ma- 

 jority. A vote in three of the Northern States 

 (Minnesota, Ohio, and Kansas) on the enfran- 

 chisement of negroes, resulted against such a 

 measure. The State elections, in general, were 

 favorable to the Democratic party, which carried 

 its State tickets in Connecticut, California, New 

 York, Pennsylvania (though the Legislature in 

 the latter State is Eepublican), and secured a 

 majority in both branches of the Ohio Legisla- 

 ture. By the admission of Nebraska into the 

 Union the number of States was increased to 

 thirty-seven. (See CONGRESS U. S.) 



The most important event in the history of 

 American dependencies of European countries 

 was the consolidation of Upper and Lower 

 Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, 

 under one government, into the " Dominion of 

 Canada," which, it is expected, will soon be 

 joined by Newfoundland and Prince Edward's 

 Island, and is intended to embrace, in the 

 course of time, the whole of the British pos- 

 sessions in North America. (See CANADA.) 



The following table gives the population of 

 the several countries of America (according to 

 the latest official census, where any has been 

 taken), together with an estimate of the Prot- 

 estant and Eoman Catholic population : 



At the usual rate of increase in the several 

 countries of America since the last census, the 

 aggregate population at the close of this year, 

 1867, would amount to about eighty millions, 

 of whom thirty million five hundred thousand 

 may be reckoned as Protestants, and forty-six 

 million five hundred thousand and nine hundred 

 as Eoman Catholics. 



ANDEEW, JOHN ALBION, LL. D., an Ameri- 

 can statesman and scholar, born in "Windham, 

 Maine, May 31, 1818; died in Boston, Massa- 

 chusetts. October 30, 1867. He was educated 

 at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, where 

 he graduated in 1837, at the early age of nine- 

 teen, and immediately entered on the study of 

 the law in Boston, where, in 1840, he was ad- 

 mitted to the bar. Until the outbreak of the 

 war, he practised his profession in that city, 

 attaining special distinction in the fugitive-slave 

 cases of Shadrach Burns and Sims, which arose 

 under the Fugitive-Slave law of 1850. From 

 the year 1848 he was closely identified with the 

 antislavery party of Massachusetts, but held 

 no office until 1858, when he was elected a 

 member of the State Legislature from Boston, 

 In 1860 he was a delegate to the Chicago Ee- 

 publican Convention, and, after voting for Mr. 

 Seward on the early ballots, announced the 

 change of the vote of part of the Massachusetts 

 delegation to Mr. Lincoln. In the same year 

 he was elected the twenty-first Governor of 

 Massachusetts since the adoption of the consti- 

 tution of 1780, by the largest popular vote ever 

 cast for any candidate. He was specially ener- 

 getic in placing the militia of Massachusetts on 

 a war footing, in anticipation of the impending 

 conflict between the Government and the se- 

 ceded States. Immediately upon the President's 

 proclamation of April 15, 1861, he dispatched 



