M:MY, UNITED STATES. 



,1 are to bo separate and distinct in each 



ami -tli.' orirani/ation of companies, re- 



<! division- i- to In- that of 



\:-m\ <>i' the I'niti-d States," except that 



iiimissioned officers of regiments and com- 



i.i In- elected hy such regiments and 



companies respectively, and commissioned by 



nor, as at present. Four regiments 



'.uitry arc to constitute one brigade, and 



-L'adcs one division. The discipline, reg- 

 ulation-, tactics, anus, accoutrements, equip- 

 ment?, uniform, colors, etc., aro to bo those of 

 tho regular army. The commandcr-in-chief in 



Mate, and an adjutant-general, to be com- 

 ini-.sion.Ml l.y the (iovcrnor, are to receive com- 



,:iou for their services from their States 

 and Territories. Both officers and privates are 

 each to receive from the United States two 

 dollars per diem for each day spent at drills, 

 encampments, etc., to the amount of ten dollars 



mum; each division, brigade, regimental, 

 and company commander, when responsible for 

 public property, is to receive fifty dollars per 

 annum ; each regimental and company com- 

 mander, when so responsible, is to receive in 

 addition fifty dollars per annum for tho rent of 

 an armory; and each commissioned officer is to 



twenty dollars per annum for clothing, 

 and required to provide himself with the 

 uniform prescribed in the Army regulations. 

 Anns, clothing, camp equipments, etc., for com- 

 panies, regiments, brigades, and divisions, are 



furnished from the several departments 

 of the General Government, on requisitions 

 approved by the Governor and the Assistant 

 of War; and it is made the duty of 

 t he latter, with the assistance of the staff-officers 

 of the Adjutant General's, the Quartermaster- 



-al's, and the Ordnance Departments of the 

 United States, to issue clothing, arms, and 

 equipments, and orders for organizing, arming, 

 and disciplining the militia ; to receive duplicate 

 returns, reports, and all official communications 

 made to the Governors or commanders-in-chief 

 in the States and Territories; to take charge of 

 the armories and other public property, and to 



ise all authority over the militia conferred 

 upon Congress by the Constitution. The duties 

 oft lie Governors, as commanders- in-chief in their 



( -five States and Territories, are to com- 

 misMon all officers, including generals of divi- 

 sion and brigade; to train, inspect, and disci- 

 pline the National Guard; to receive reports, 

 returns, and other official communications; and 

 to exercise all authority over the militia re- 



1 by the Constitution to the States. At least 

 three days for drilling are to be appointed 

 annually by law in the States and Territories; 

 and, under the direction of the Assistant Sec- 

 retary of War, a brigade and regimental 

 encampment is ordered on the last Monday in 

 September annually, as also a semi-annual in- 



iou by tho officers of tho National Guard, 

 and a biennial one by the officers of the regular 

 army. The National Guard may be called out by 

 tho Governor or Legislature of any State to 



AHA. 



61 



suppress local insurrection, or by Congress in 



time of war or rebellion; and when ordered 

 into tho service of tho United States they aro 

 to be subject to the rules and articles of war, 

 ami to tin.- regulations of the army. 



The bill further provides for the establish- 

 ment in convenient locations throughout the 

 country, under tho superintendence of the 

 Assistant Secretary of War, of four schools of 

 the National Guard, which are to furnish in 

 future all the scholars for the United States 

 Military Academy at West Point. These schools 

 are to be provided by the Government with the 

 same course of" instruction, rules, and regu- 

 lation?, and their cadets with the same uniform, 

 pay, and allowances, as are prescribed for the 

 Academy. Four cadets at large from each 

 school are to be appointed annually to the 

 Academy, in addition to the usual appointments 

 from each Congressional district. The grad- 

 uates of the schools are to serve three years in 

 the National Guard, or in the Army, Navy, or 

 Marine Corps of the United States. 



This bill, although acted upon in the House, 

 failed to pass Congress and become a law. 



ASIA. The closer connection which, on 

 January 1, 1867, was established between the 

 United States and Eastern Asia by the opening 

 of a new steamship line, proves a great incen- 

 tive to the more rapid regeneration of the east- 

 ern Asiatic countries. In Japan the change in 

 international intercourse has been specially 

 notable. In 1866 a new Tycoon came into 

 power, who was the acknowledged leader of 

 the party friendly to foreigners. Early in 1867 

 the old Mikado, or Emperor, died, and was suc- 

 ceeded by a young man of sixteen years, who 

 may naturally be supposed to be more acces- 

 sible to modern ideas. In April, the represent- 

 atives of the leading foreign powers, upon the 

 invitation of the new Tycoon, had an important 

 conference with the Japanese Government at 

 Osaca, tho greatest commercial city of the 

 empire. The result was entirely satisfactory, 

 the Japanese Government giving formal notice 

 that, on the 1st of January, 1868, they would 

 open to foreigners the cities of Yedo and Osaca, 

 the port of Iliogo, and another port on the 

 west coast of Japan. A new treaty of com- 

 merce was concluded with Denmark, so that 

 Japan is now in regular communication with 

 the United States, England, France, Holland, 

 Prussia, Switzerland, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, 

 and Denmark. An invitation from tho Em- 

 peror of France to a participation in the Paris 

 Exhibition was eagerly accepted. Specimens 

 of the country's products, manufactures, and 

 works of art were sent, many of tho people 

 went over, and even a younger brother of the 

 Tycoon proceeded to Paris, attended by a suite 

 commensurate with his rank and the greatness 

 of tho occasion. Another special embassy 

 was sent to the United States to give new 

 assurances of the regard of Japan for the peo- 

 ple of the United States, and to look after some 

 commercial interests. Toward the close of the 



