74 



AUSTRIA. 



energy of the people of Queensland and of New 

 Zealand.) To do this requires an expenditure 

 of $2,000,000 annually, $1,000,000 of which 

 they intend asking the English Government to 

 pay, and the colonies to pay the other $1,000,000, 

 in the following proportions: Victoria, New 

 Zealand, and New South Wales, one-fourth 

 each ; Queensland, one-seventh ; South Austra- 

 lia, one-twelfth ; Tasmania, one-fiftieth. The 

 delegates also decided upon the establishment 

 of a Federal Council, to be composed of two 

 representatives of each colony, to whom any 

 future questions affecting the colonies generally 

 should be referred. 



AUSTRIA. Emperor, Francis Joseph!., born 

 August 18, 1830; succeeded his uncle, Fer- 

 dinand I. (as King of Hungary and Bohemia, 

 called Ferdinand V.), on December 2, 1848. 

 Heir apparent, Archduke Rudolph, born August 

 21, 1858. 



The area of the empire amounts to 239,948 

 English square miles, and the population, accord- 

 ing to the census of 1857, to 32,530,002. Since 

 1867, the empire, in point of administration, is 

 divided into two halves, the chief frontier of 

 which is the river Leitha, whence the one (the 

 western) half is called the cis-Leithan, and the 

 other (eastern) the trans-Leithan portion of 

 the empire. The following provinces constitute 

 the cis-Leithan and the trans-Leithan group : 



I. Cis-Leithan : 



1. Lower Austria 



2. Upper Austria 



3. Salzburg 



4. Styria 



5. Carinthia 



6. Carniola 



7. Goertz,Gradisca, Istria, and Trieste 



8. Tyrol and Vorarlberg 



9. Bohemia 



10. Moravia 



11. Silesia 



12. Galicia 



13. Bukovina 



14. Dalmatia 



II. Trans-Leithan : 



15. Hungary 



10. Croatia and Slaronia 



17. Transylvania 



The military frontier 



Standing army 



1,681,697 

 707,450 

 146,769 



1,056,773 

 332,456 

 451,941 

 520,978 

 851,016 



4,705,525 



1,867,094 

 443,912 



4,597,470 

 456,920 

 404,499 



9,900,785 

 876,009 

 1,926,797 

 1,064,922 

 536,989 



Total 32,530,002 



As regards nationalities, the empire has now 

 7,877.075 Germans, 11,044,872 Northern Slavi, 

 3,955,882 Southern Slavi, 581,126 Western 

 Roumanians (Italians, etc.), 2,642,953 Eastern 

 Roumanians, 4,947,134 Magyars, 1,210,949 per- 

 sons of other races. 



In the budget for 1867 the receipts were es- 

 timated at 407,297,000 florins, and the expen- 

 ditures at 433,896,000 florins, leaving a deficit 

 of 26,599,000 florins. The public debt amount- 

 ed, on December 31, 1866, to 2,919,717,689 

 florins. 



The strength of the army on the peace and 

 war footing was, in December, 1866, as fol- 

 lows : 



The navy consisted, in December, 1866. of 

 66 steamers, with 13,580 horse-power and 723 

 guns, and 51 sailing-vessels, with 340 cannons. 

 The merchant marine, at, the close of the year 

 1866, consisted of 7,240 vessels, together of 

 306,371 tons. 



The year 1867 constitutes a turning-point in 

 the political history of Austria. The policy of 

 centralization, which aimed at the most thorough 

 fusion of all the seventeen crown-lands into one 

 empire, with one central Parliament, was defi- 

 nitely abandoned. Instead of it, a system of 

 " dualism " was adopted, according to which the 

 empire was divided into two administrations, 

 with two ministries and two Parliaments, the one 

 at Vienna for the German and Slavic crown-land 

 ( " cis-Leithan " ), the other for Hungary and 

 Transylvania, Croatia and Slavonia, which latter 

 countries were again recognized as dependencies 

 of Hungary. The affairs common to the whole 

 empire are under a central ministry. On January 

 3d an imperial patent (dated January 2d) was is- 

 sued convoking an " extraordinary Reiclisrath.' 1 ' 1 

 The deputies of the German crown-lands, in a 

 meeting held at Vienna, on January 13th, pro- 

 tested against this patent as being unconstitu- 

 tional, and declared, that in accordance with 

 the constitution of February 16, 1861, they, 

 would proceed to the elections for a regular 

 Reichsrath. The Government yielded to this 

 opposition. On February 7th the emperor ac- 

 cepted the resignation of Count Belcredi, the 

 prime minister, and appointed in his place 

 Baron Beust. The programme of the new 

 prime minister was based upon the principle 

 that the assembling of an extraordinary Reichs- 

 rath would be inexpedient on account of the 

 opposition of the Germans, and also because, in 

 the mean while, the understanding with Hun- 

 gary had become an accomplished fact, and 

 that a regular Reichsrath should be convened 

 to amend the Constitution. On March 9th, a 

 special ministry for the non-Hungarian countries * 

 was appointed. The (Slavic) Diets of Bohemia, 

 Moravia and Carniola, which refused the elec- 

 tion of delegates to the Reichsrath, were dis- 

 solved, and the election of new Diets ordered, 

 which complied with the demand of the Gov- 

 ernment. 



The Parliament assembled in Vienna, on May 

 20th, the emperor having previously appointed 

 the Prince von Auersperg president of the Up- 

 per House and Dr. Giskra president of the 

 Lower House. Both presidents have long 

 been known as prominent leaders of the Liberal 

 party. Prince von Auersperg in his opening 

 speech adverted to the manner in which late 

 events had weighed upon Austria, and said 

 that new bases of public law must be estab- 



