. ril.MM.ES F. 



BRUOB, Fl:r.M-:i:lCK W. A. 95 



: -i F.. an American hunior- 

 urer, horn in Watecibrd, 



iicd in Southampton, Kng- 



. Mr. lirowiic was inucli 



.vii liy liis nom de plume, Art< inn* 



i I iy liis real name, lit- eoiimieiic. <1 



K> printer's tnulr when under four- 



\ears of age as u compositor on theSkow- 



iiinl when about fifteen was 



-imilar capacity on the Carpet 



mil- weekly journal in Boston, to 

 : In- made his first literary contributions. 



..ndoning type-setting for literary 

 . he had become one of the most expert, 

 irs in the United States. After leav- 

 .'. lie connected himself as reporter 

 the Cleveland Plaindealer, a daily paper 

 new hat extensive circulation. Here the 

 "f writing in the character of a showman, 

 and giving his observations on all sorts of 

 . lir>t occurred to him, and he began his 

 i' " Artemus Ward's Sayings." At 

 "titset, these articles were carelessly 

 written, and without any expectation of their 

 -emng any thing beyond the most ephemeral 

 purpo-e, but, finding that they attained an ex- 

 tended notoriety, he bestowed more labor and 

 attention on them, and their real merit made 

 the horrible spelling attractive, and 

 1 for him the reputation of being one of 

 the most clever and original humorous writers 

 in the country. WhenFantfy Fair was started 

 in New York he was solicited to become one of 

 its contributors and after a time its editor. Its 

 nee was brief but brilliant. During this 

 !. he first projected his humorous lee- 

 delivering the opening one in Brooklyn, 

 and afterward repeating the series, among 

 which some of the titles were, "The Babes in 

 \ ood," " Sixty Minutes in Africa," etc., in 

 other cities. These proved very successful. Ho 

 projected, in 18G2, a visit- to California and 

 to procure the materials for illustrating 

 the peculiar characteristics of Mormon life, and 

 on his return gave a series of comic lectures on 

 MOMMOIIMII with panoramic accompaniment, 

 which were the best of their kind ever at- 

 tempted dther in this country or England, and 

 drew crowded houses constantly wherever they 

 were delivered. About the same time appeared 

 a collection of his humorous papers under the 

 title of "Artemus Ward His Book," which 

 had a \> ry large sale both hero and in England. 

 Soon at'vr, the premonitory symptoms of pul- 

 monary consumption thoflisease from which 

 illy died made their appearance, and he 

 was tor a time laid aside from his public per- 

 formances. His health apparently improving 

 in the spring of 1866, ho resolved to go to 

 Kndand and lecture there. He arrived in that 



* June, 1866, but .was too feeble to 

 undertake his lectures. In November, 1866, 

 however, lie made his lirst appearance, and 



m<t warmly welcomed, and achieved n 

 popularity as unexpected as gratifying. For 

 three mouths he continued his lectures with 



the greatest success, but tin -:i h>- hroke down 

 completely in health, and carl- in | , '.riinry, 

 lHt>7, went, first to the I-J. ; ad thence 



to Southampton, intending to return home; but 

 his end wanton in ar. lie died al': iiH'cr- 



ing, but surrounded by kind friends, on the <th 

 of March. By hi.s will, after providing for his 

 mother and for the education of a lad who had 

 been very kind to him in his last sickness, he 

 left the remainder of his property to found an 

 asylum for printers and for the education of 

 their orphan children. 



BKUOE, Sir FREDERICK WILLIAM An<n .PHI -. 

 G. C. B., envoy extraordinary and minister 

 plenipotentiary from the court of St. James to 

 the United States, an English diplomatist and 

 (statesman ; born at Elgin Castle, England, April 

 14, 1814; died in Boston, Mass., September 19, 

 1867. He was the fourth son of the seventh 

 Earl of Elgin, a distinguished diplomatist. He 

 was directly descended from the royal families 

 of Bruco and Stuart, and the Earls of Elgin 

 now hold a very prominent position in the 

 British peerage. Sir Frederick was graduated 

 B. A. at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1834, and 

 was subsequently called to the bar of Lincoln's 

 Inn, but his tendencies being strongly mani- 

 fested toward diplomacy, he never attempted 

 to gain practice as a hamster. In 1842 he 

 was attached to Lord Ashburton's special mis- 

 sion to the United States for settling the north- 

 eastern boundary question. In 1844he was made 

 colonial secretary at Hong Kong. In 1846 he 

 was appointed Lieutenant-General of New- 

 foundland, which position he held for thirteen 

 months. In July, 1847, he was made charge 

 d'affaires to the Eepublic of Bolivia, and con- 

 sul-general the ensuing April. On the 29th of 

 August he was transferred to the Oriental Re- 

 public of Uruguay, and two years later became 

 agent and consul-general to Egypt. In April. 

 1857, he accompanied his brother, the late Lord 

 Elgin, to China, whither the latter had been 

 sent on a special mission. A treaty was nego- 

 tiated with that country in June, 1858, which 

 was brought to England by him in September. 

 For his services in negotiating this treaty, and 

 the experience and diplomatic tact he had mani- 

 fested in so difficult and delicate a position, he 

 was made a Companion of the Order of the 

 Bath (C. B.), and in December, 1858, appointed 

 envoy extraordinary and minister plenipoten- 

 tiary to the Emperor of China, and afterward 

 general superintendent of British trade in that 

 country. This mission failed of reaching Pekin 

 on account of the opposition made by the Chi- 

 nese, and the British forces then attacked the 

 imperial army in the Peiho. Sir Frederick re- 

 mained at Shanghai till peace had been restored : 

 and finally established the mission at Pekin in 

 1861. While residing at that court he distin- 

 guished himself by good offices toward the 

 Americans on many occasions, which were 

 promptly acknowledged by Mr. Anson Burlin- 

 game, our minister. In December, 18G2, he re- 

 ceived the order of Knight Commander of the 



