98 



CALIFORNIA. 



CAMPBELL, JOHN. 



the California woollen mills have also a higher 

 reputation for serviceableness and imperme- 

 ability by water than goods of the same class 

 manufactured at the East. 



The Commerce of California is largely on the 

 increase. The establishment in the beginning 

 of 1867 of a monthly line of steamers to Hong 

 Kong and Japanese ports, soon to become a 

 semi-monthly line, is the beginning of a regular 

 traffic which, on the completion of the Pacific 

 Railroad, will bring the immense trade of East- 

 ern Asia with Europe through San Francisco 

 and across the American continent. 1 The pur- 

 chase of Aliaska also will increase, and indeed has 

 already increased, the commerce of California, as 

 the whaling and fur-trading ships from and for 

 that Territory will make San Francisco their 

 port of entry and departure. The commerce with 

 the Sandwich Islands, the Mexican and Central 

 and South American ports, and Australia, is 

 also steadily increasing, and it cannot be long 

 after the completion of the great transcon- 

 tinental railway before San Francisco will be- 

 come the New York of the Pacific, and boast a 

 commerce nearly equal to her rival on the 

 Atlantic. 



Education. The State has shown a commend- 

 able degree of zeal and earnestness in the pro- 

 motion of education. There is a State school 

 fund of $762,000, yielding over $50,000 a year; 

 the revenue from school lands, which is 

 divided among the counties according to the 

 amounts they have invested ; a normal school 

 supported by the State, and in a prosperous 

 condition ; several colleges, some of them 

 liberally endowed, and a State University, as 

 yet only in embryo, but having a beautiful 

 site and extensive lands, the whole said to 

 be worth $100,000, are offered, and which 

 when organized, as it undoubtedly will be, by 

 the Legislature now in session, will receive 

 from the State a sum sufficient to erect its 

 buildings, and will have eventually an endow- 

 ment of 46,080 acres of land donated to the 

 State for a seminary of learning, and the Agri- 

 cultural College grant of 150,000 acres. The 

 public schools of San Francisco have a very 

 high reputation. There are throughout the 

 .State numerous excellent private schools and 

 : seminaries of high grade. In the way of 

 .special education, the State, is erecting an asy- 

 :lum for the deaf, dumb, and blind in Alameda 

 County, and will support it liberally. There is 

 a reform school with fifty-four pupils, and an 

 industrial school at San Francisco, which is in 

 excellent condition. The former is supported 

 by the State, the latter by the city of San 

 Francisco. 



The Geological Survey of the State has been 

 in progress since 1860, and has issued four 

 volumes. It has cost $134,069.77, and is yet 

 unfinished. 



The Insane Asylum, a State institution, is 

 well managed, but needs more funds. The 

 State Prison has seven hundred prisoners, and 

 requires more room and more work-shops. The 



California State Prison has never been a model 

 institution. 



The State debt was reduced $164,140.71 

 during Governor Low's administration, notwith- 

 standing the extraordinary war expenses of 

 1863, 1864, and 1865, and the reduction of the 

 taxes eighteen cents on the hundred dollars. A 

 further reduction of ten cents on the hundred 

 dollars is now practicable, and, even with this, 

 the whole State debt can be extinguished in 

 ten years. 



CAMPBELL, Jonx, D. D., an English Con- 

 gregational or Independent clergyman, author 

 and editor, born in County Forfar, Scotland, 

 October 5, 1794 ; died in London, March 28, 

 1867. He received his collegiate and theologi- 

 cal training in the Universities of St. Andrew's 

 and Glasgow, and entering the ministry in the 

 Independent denomination, in 1829, held a 

 pastoral charge for a time in Ayrshire, but soon 

 came to London, where he became the minister 

 of Whitefi eld's Tabernacle, in Moorfields, one of 

 the largest congregations in the metropolis. 

 Here he labored for twenty years, with great 

 acceptance. In 1844, at the request of the Con- 

 gregational Union of England and "Wales, he 

 established a denominational magazine, the 

 Christian Witness, and two years later the 

 Christian's Penny Magazine, Compelled by ill 

 health to relinquish the pastorate, in 1849, he 

 complied with the request of a body of gentle- 

 men, and took the editorial charge of the 

 British Banner, a new, first-class weekly news- 

 paper, to be conducted on Christian principles. 

 After conducting that paper with signal ability 

 for nine years, he started, in 1858, a paper of 

 his own, the British Standard, and in 1860 

 also a penny paper, the British Ensign. Both 

 were remarkably successful, and he continued 

 their editorship till the close of 1866, when he 

 retired ; receiving a splendid testimonial from 

 his friends and admirers. 



Before entering upon his editorial career, Dr. 

 Campbell (he received his degree of D. D. from 

 the University of St. Andrew's, in 1841) had 

 achieved a high reputation as an author. Among 

 his numerous works were: "Maritime Discov- 

 ery and Christian Missions; " " Jeth-ro," a prize 

 essay on the employment of lay agency in the 

 evangelization of our cities and large towns; 

 " The Martyr of Erromanga, or Philosophy 

 of Missions ; " " Life of David Nasmyth, Found- 

 er of City Missions ; " "A Eeview of the Life, 

 Character, Eloquence, and Works of John 

 Angel James." In 1839 he opened a contro- 

 versy in the newspapers with the Queen's print- 

 ers on the Bible printing monopoly, which re- 

 sulted in the speedy and great reduction in the 

 price of Bibles. These letters were afterward 

 published in a volume. He was not averse to 

 controversy, and waged incessant warfare on 

 Popery, Puseyism, Neology, Rationalism, and 

 German theology, and published several vol- 

 umes on these subjects, wliich were widely cir- 

 culated. In 1861 he addressed a series of " Let- 

 ters to His Royal Highness the Prince Consort " 



