( l.MUAL AMERICA. 



CIIKMIS'IKV. 



10:5 



grefttly diniini-heil >iiu-r tlu- i-tahlMiment of 



i Uailroacl line of steamers on the 



coast of Central America. The following table 



; in- whole commercial movement of 



luring tin' la-t ten \ , 



In former years the commerce of Guatemala 

 was mostly carried on with the British settle- 

 ment of IJdi/e, win.- re the merchants operated 

 their exchanges ; but lately the principal houses 

 of Guatemala have established direct relations 

 with the principal markets of Europe and the 

 1 States, so that the importations are made 

 directly, and the commercial relations of Gua- 

 temala have extended to markets with which 

 no intercourse had ever existed, such, for in- 

 stance, as the Hanseatic Towns, Belgium, and 

 Smith America. The imports from the nations 

 with which Guatemala entertains continued re- 

 lations are shown in the following table, also 

 for the last ten years : 



1857 1596,200 $140,999 



.-, ngseo 



J-.17.' 



taw 



1S61 

 1868 



i,ii;-o6 



I'll ',!: ;<l 



r.l'vM7 

 7 1 '..".'.'.. 

 407,700 



I-.;.: I.-JJH,,,;I 



186,961 

 184,781 



181,058 



1-u, -.'.. 



.-:; ).:- i 



246,050 



831,410 $56,10:> $iy.'J!>4 



88,755 



80468 



29,027 

 45,613 

 67,639 



103,049 



NTM 



47,748 



J-..M:; 



88,678 



$14,240 $12,317 



JW.L'.Y, ' 



18,680 



6,811 

 13.207 



.'..'.mil 



1,065 



1,824 

 18,808 



M'HI 





21,264 $6,350 

 60,248: 16,93S 



1C..--1H 

 6,440 



11,768 

 I.-..7-'-' 3,198 



M.I' 11 



9,406 



2. SAN SALVADOR.* President (1865-1869), 

 Francisco Duefias. Area, 7,500 square miles. 

 Population about 600,000. The budget of 1866 

 e-timates the receipts at 628,252 dollars; and 

 expenditures at 524,329 dollars. According 

 to a report made to Congress in the spring 

 of 1867, the actual surplus of receipts over 

 expenditures, in 1866, amounted to 59,000 dol- 

 lar>. Imports in 1865 were valued at 2,130,641 

 dollar-;; and exports at 2,306,334 (the prin- 

 cipal articles of export are indigo, sugar, cotton, 

 , etc.). In 1865 twenty-four American 

 (I "uited States) steamers entered the ports of 



the republic. 



:;. HONDURAS.* President, Jose Maria Me- 

 dina (February, 1866-February, 1870). Area, 

 1 i Mjnare miles. Population about 350,000 

 inhabitants. The republic is divided into seven 

 departments. The capital, Comayagua, has 

 about 18,000 inhabitants. Minister of the 



United States at Comayagnn, R. II. RnuMcan 

 (appointed in istif.). K. .-eipts of tl, 

 men! about 200,000; expenditures, ls.:;.ooo : 

 annual surplus, about 17,000 dollar*. Value 

 of imports (mostly from Groat Britain), about 

 750,000 ; exports, 825,000 dollars. Chief port, 

 Omoa. 



4. NICARAGUA.* President (1867-1871), Fer- 

 nando Guzman. Area (after the reannexation 

 of Grey town and the Mosquito Territory), 57,780 

 square miles. Population about 400,000. Capi- 

 tal, Managua, with about 10,000 inhabitants. 



5. COSTA RIGA.* President (1866-1 869), Dr. 

 Jose 1 Maria Castro. Area, about 21,440 square 

 miles. The population, in 1844, amounted to 

 79,982; in 1864, to 120,471; an increase of 

 40,489. The capital, San Jose, has about 30,000 

 inhabitants. 



CHAMBERS, EZEKIEL F., LL. D., an Amer- 

 ican jurist and statesman, born in Kent County, 

 Md., February 28, 1788; died in Charlestown, 

 Md., January 30, 1867. He graduated from 

 "Washington College, Md., in 1805; studied 

 law, and was admitted to the Maryland bar in 

 1808. He performed some military service in 

 the War of 1812, and subsequently attained the 

 rank of brigadier- general of militia. In 1822 

 he was elected to the State Senate against his 

 will, but took an active part in the legislation 

 of that body, and in 1825 arranged a system 

 for the more effectual recovery of slaves. In 

 1826 he was elected Senator in Congress from 

 Maryland, and in 1832 reflected to the same 

 high office. He distinguished himself in the 

 Senate as one of the ablest debaters and the 

 most formidable antagonists in that body which 

 was at that time so remarkable for its eminent 

 statesmen. His reputation at the bar was 

 equally high, ranking as an advocate with the 

 very first men of the Maryland bar, which at 

 that time was not surpassed in brilliancy of 

 talent. In 1834 he was appointed Chief Judge 

 of the Second Judicial District, and a Judge of 

 the Court of Appeals, which positions he held 

 till 1857, when the Maryland judiciary became 

 elective. Here, too, his superior abilities were 

 recognized and he stood high among the judges 

 of the Court of Appeals. In 1850 he was an 

 active member of the constitutional convention 

 of the State. In 1852 President Fillmoro of- 

 fered him the post of Secretary of the Navy, 

 on the resignation of Secretary Graham, but the 

 state of his health compelled him to decline 

 the honor. In 1833 Yale College conferred on 

 him the honorary degree of LL. D., and in 

 1852 he received the same honor from Delaware 

 Oollege. 



CHEMISTRY. The chemists, theoretical 

 and practical, have not been idle during the year, 

 but have extended the boundaries of their 

 knowledge in all directions. Great progress has 

 been made in the branch of applied chemistry ; 

 to which the liberal encouragement, offered by 

 the Paris Exposition, may perhaps have con- 



* Kir other information, see ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1865 

 and I860. 



* For other information, tee ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 18W 

 and 1866. 



