114 



CHILI. 



principles. In the longaniacaa itself, strychnia, 

 brucia, and igasuria already exist, and these 

 are nearly identical in their physiological ac- 

 tions. In. chemical properties, brucia and 

 igasuria have much in common, and they are 

 both readily distinguishable, in this respect, 

 from strychnia. The alkaloid of akazga con- 

 veniently completes this group, as its chemical 

 properties are nearly allied to those of strychnia, 

 whilst its connection with all the members is 

 maintained by the similarity of its physiologi- 

 cal actions. (Proceedings Royal Society, Edin- 

 burgh.) 



Works and Memoirs. Among the works on 

 chemical topics published during the year 

 were : Tables for Qualitative Analysis, by Pro- 

 fessor Heinrich, of Giessen, translated from the 

 7th German edition, by Professor Charles 

 F. Himes, Philadelphia; Micro-chemistry of 

 Poisons, by Professor Theodore S. Wormley, 

 New York ; Chemical Notes for the Lecture- 

 Room, by Dr. Wood, F. C. S., London ; Chemi- 

 cal Technology, by Thomas Eichardson, Lon- 

 don ; Analysis of Coal Gas, by Kev. "W. K. 

 Bowditch, F. 0. S., London; Miller's Elements 

 of Chemistry, 4th edition, with additions, Part 

 1, Chemical Physics, London ; Principes de 

 chimie fondee sur les Theories modernes, par A. 

 Naquet, Paris; Lecons elementaires de chimie 

 modernes, par M. Ad. Wurtz, Paris. At the 

 August meeting of the American National 

 Academy of Sciences, Professor Gibbs read 

 papers on the New Processes in Analytical 

 Chemistry, and on Certain Points in the Theory 

 of Atomicities. At the summer session of the 

 American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, papers were read by Dr. L. Bradley 

 on Tellurium, and by Professor J. Hyatt on 

 The Scientific and Practical Relations of 

 Wood Spirit. 



CHILI, a republic in South America. Presi- 

 dent, for the term from 1866 to 1871, Jose" 

 Joaquin Perez. Minister of the Unite'd States 

 in Chili, Judson Kilpatrick (since November 11, 

 1865). Revenue of the State in 1864, 6,654,012 

 piastres. In the financial report presented to 

 Congress in 1865, the receipts were estimated 

 at only 6,299,843 piastres. The expenditures 

 for 1864 were estimated at 8,070,368 piastres, 

 but in reality amounted to 10,986,358 piastres. 



The home debt on January 1, 1867, amounted 

 to 15,820,319 piastres; and the foreign debt 

 to 14,142,570 piastres. The army is composed 

 of the troops levied by conscription (3,250 men 

 at the close of March, 1865) ; and of the 

 national guards, the number of whom, accord- 

 to an official document, amounted, at the close 

 of 1865, to 35,600 men. The fleet, in 1863, 

 consisted of four war-vessels, armed with 

 twenty-seven guns; in May, 1867, of fourteen 

 screw steamers, with one hundred and twenty 

 cannon. 



A new census of Chili was taken in April, 

 1866, according to which the area of Chili is 

 132,609 square miles; the population (inclusive 

 of Araucania, Patagonia, and Terra del Fuego) 



is 2,084,945 ; the foreigners resident in the 

 country numbered 23,220 ; 832 of the inhabit- 

 ants are from one hundred to one hundred and 

 forty years of age, and 9,635 are physically or 

 mentally helpless. 



From a full and interesting official report on 

 the commerce of the country presented on June 

 81, 1867, by Julio Menadier, chief of the Com- 

 mercial Statistics office, we make the following 

 extracts : 

 The coasting trade increased 



In the year 1862 to $23,919,972 



" 1863 " 25,093,789 



" 1864 " 28,896,783 



" 1865 " 28,316,291 



" 1866 " 27,774,321 



Distributed among the various ports according to 

 the following scale : 



f Exports. 

 alparaiso $20,329,729 ' 



Constitucion 2,393,669 



Coronel 1,354,027 



Huasco 1,107,550 



Caldera 844,629 



Coquimbo 372,098 



Valdivia 368,331 



Talcahuano 283,537 



Ancud 268,449 



Tome 237,880 



Melipulli 184,422 



Imports. 



Coquimbo $7,052,648 



Caldera 5,919,164 



Valparaiso 3,272,163 



Huasco 2,974,456 



Tom6 2,355,488 



Talcahuano 2,289,541 



Constitucion 1,313,986 



Coronel 1,018,757 



Ancud 811,415 



Valdivia 582,530 



Melipulli 154,173 



Notwithstanding the exceptional situation of 

 the republic during the year 1866, the devel- 

 opment of its industrial and commercial re- 

 sources has become so marked, that its increase 

 of trade over 1865 represents the sum of 

 $7,340,316, or about 7.82 per cent. The home 

 and foreign coasting-trade during the last five 

 years has increased as follows : 



In 1862 $87,061,031 



" 1863 90,613,947 



" 1864 103,903,784 



" 1865 93,586,181 



" 1866 100,926,497 



During the year 1866 there entered in the 

 various ports of the republic 3,094 ships, of 

 1,416.816 tons, showing an increase of 236 ships 

 and 293,572 tons register over the preceding 

 year 1865. This increase is of still greater im- 

 portance, when it is considered that during the 

 first four months the greater part of the ports 

 were blockaded. 



The results of the last five years do not show 

 a considerable increase in the number of ships, 

 but in tonnage. 



In 1862 there entered 2,830 ships, of 985,523 tons. 

 " 1863 " 2,596 " 820,014 " 



"1864 " 2,830 " 1,011,702 " 



"1865 2,853 " 1,123,244 " 



"1866 " 3,094 " 1,416,816 " 



