296 



ENGLES, WILLIAM M. 



EUEOPE. 



was more considerable, between 8 and 10 p. M. 

 At Windsor, on the contrary, the electricity be- 

 tween 8 and 10 p. M. had in every month been 

 weaker than either between 8 and 10 A. M., or 

 between 2 and 3 p. M. The annual curve for 

 Kew had its principal maximum Ja November, 

 and another in February or March. At Windsor 

 the principal maximum was in February or 

 March and the minimum in June or November. 

 The annual curves for the two places agreed 

 pretty well from January to October, but were 

 curved in opposite directions from October to 

 January. 



Electrical Countries. M. J. Fournet, in a 

 paper addressed to the French Academy of 

 Science, treats of the electric conditions of 

 certain regions among the mountains of the 

 Rhone basin. He mentions an instance when 

 at an altitude of 3,455 metres, upon the Grands- 

 Mulets, a Mr. Blackwell and his guide on leav- 

 ing their hut perceived the surrounding ridges 

 to be apparently on fire. The clothes of the 

 two spectators were literally covered with 

 electric sparks, and their fingers when held up 

 were phosphorescent. At the same time the 

 city of Lyons was visited with a deluge of rain ; 

 and the whole day had previously been exceed- 

 ingly stormy. On a previous occasion, as the 

 same guide was accompanying M. Chenal up 

 Mont Blanc, they were overtaken by a violent 

 storm, and found themselves enveloped, so to 

 speak, in thunder and lightning. All the stones 

 and rocks around them emitted electric flames, 

 and yet the summit of Mont Blanc and the sky 

 around it were perfectly clear. In 1867, Saus- 

 sure, Jalabet, and Pictel were on the Breven 

 at an altitude of 2,520 metres. They soon 

 experienced a strange pricking sensation at 

 their fingers' ends on stretching them out. 

 This sensation became stronger and stronger, 

 and at length electric sparks could be obtained 

 from Jalabet's hat-band, which 'was of gold 

 lace, and even from the knob of his cane. At 

 a point 25 or 30 metres lower down the in- 

 fluence of the electricity was no longer felt. 

 In 1863, when Mr. Watson and several other 

 tourists ascended the Jungfrau, a snow-storm 

 occurred in which the snow itself proved to 

 be electric. 



ENGLES, WILLIAM MOERISON, D. D., an 

 American Presbyterian clergyman, journalist, 

 and author, born in Philadelphia, October 12, 

 1797 ; died in the same city, November 27, 1867. 

 He was of English and Scotch descent, and of 

 an intelligent and pious parentage. He was 

 educated in the schools of his native city, 

 graduating from the University of Pennsylva- 

 nia, in January, 1815. He studied theology 

 with Eev. Dr. S. B. Wylie, and was licensed to 

 preach in October, 1818. After spending some 

 time in missionary labors in the valley of 

 Wyoming, he returned to Philadelphia, and in 

 1820 became pastor of the Seventh Presby- 

 terian Church, in which office he continued for 

 nearly fourteen years, the church being greatly 

 prospered under Ms labors. Being compelled 



by a throat affection to desist from preaching, 

 he became a contributor to the Presbyterian, 

 then edited by Rev. J. W. Alexander, D. D., 

 and in 1834 succeeded Dr. Alexander as its 

 editor. He continued his editorial connection 

 with that paper, at first as sole, and since 1850 

 as senior editor, till his death, and, under this 

 long editorship of more than thirty-three years, 

 the paper greatly prospered. In 1838 he was 

 appointed editor of the books and tracts pub- 

 lished by the Presbyterian Board of Publication, 

 and continued in that position till 1863, and 

 soon after was elected President of the Board, 

 which office he held till his death. Most of his 

 books were prepared in connection with the 

 Board of Publication. Though a chaste, vigor- 

 ous, and elegant writer, he seemed to have very 

 little literary ambition, contenting himself with 

 writing editorials of remarkable ability, and 

 with the compilation and preparation of such 

 works as " Records of the Presbyterian 

 Church;" "Bible Dictionary;" "Book of 

 Poetry ; " " Sailor's Companion ; " " Sick-Room 

 Devotions;" "Soldier's Pocket-Book," etc. 

 Of the last-named little work fully three hun- 

 dred thousand copies were distributed among 

 the soldiers during the late war. Dr. Engles 

 had suffered for years from disease of the heart, 

 and was constantly aware of his liability to 

 sudden death, and in consequence had for years 

 withdrawn himself very much from general 

 society. His death occurred from a sudden 

 aggravation of this disease. 



EUROPE. According to the latest and most 

 accurate statements, the area of Europe amounts 

 to 3,778,561 English square miles. The follow- 

 ing table exhibits the population of every country 

 of Europe according to the latest census taken 

 in each, and the number of the Protestant and 

 Roman Catholic population : 



The population connected with the Greek 

 Church is about 70,000,000. The number of 

 Jews is estimated at 3,300,000, and that of the 

 Mohammedans at 4,800,000. 



The chief feature in the political history of 

 Europe, during the year 1867, is the continued 



