348 



GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND DISCOVERIES IN 1867. 



Volcanic Oil and Coal Co. of "West Virginia, Pa. Lu- 

 bricating mineral oil. 



Kom, C./N. Y. Calf-skin leather. 



Browne, D. J., Mass. Enamelled leather manufac- 

 tured by a new process. 



Baker, G. B., Mo. Dough -kneading machine. 



Tilden, H., Mass. Flour and sauce sifter; K. Smith's 

 tobacco cutter ; champion egg beater. 



Bacon, S. T., Mass. Cracker, bread, and cake ma- 

 chinery. 



Metropolitan Washing Machine Co., N. Y. Clothes 

 wringers. 



Ward, J., & Co., N. Y. Clothes wringer. 



Purrington, G., Jr., N. Y. Carpet sweeper. 



Metropolitan Washing Machine Co., N. Y. Doty's 

 clothes washer. 



Ward : J., & Co., N. Y. Washing machine. 



Prentice, J., N. Y. Cigar-making machine. 



Hicks Engine Co., N. Y. Steam engines. 



Andrews, W. D., & Bro., N. Y. Centrifugal pump 

 and oscillating engine. 



Dwight. G., Jr., & Co., Mass. Steam pump. 



Dart, H. C., & Co., N; Y. Behrens patent rotary 

 engine and pump. 



Sheldon, J., Conn. Water pressure regulator. 



Steam Syphon Co., N. Y. Steam syphon pump, and 

 model of a railroad station pump. 



Broughton & Moore, N. Y. Oilers, cocks, etc. 



Pease, F. S., N. Y. Pump for petroleum. 



Kobinson, J. A., N. Y. Ericsson's hot-air engine. 



American Steam Gauge Co., Mass. Pressure steam 

 gauge : Bourdon's patent with T. W. Lane's im- 

 provement. 



Clark's Steam and Fire Eegulator Co., N. Y. Steam 

 and fire regulator. 



Morris, Tasker & Co., Pa. Pipe-cutting machines. 



Olmstead, L. H., Conn. Machine tools. 



Empire Sewing Machine Co., N. Y. Sewing ma- 

 chines. _, 



Winslow, J. B., N. Y. Serpentine wood-moulding 

 machine. 



Stephenson, J., N. Y. Street railway carriage. 



Weilmann, C., N. Y. Ladies' saddles ; gentlemen's 

 saddles. 



Page, E. W., N. Y. Oars. 



Minnesota, State of. Cereals. 



Iowa, State of. Cereals and flour. 



Borden, Gail, N. Y. Extract of beef. 



Portland Packing Co., Me. Preserved oysters and 

 lobsters. 



Bray & Hayes, Mass. Preserved lobsters. 



Townsend Bros., N. Y. Canned oysters. 



Oneida Community, N. Y. Preserved fruits. 



Davidson, J., La. Kefined yellow sugar. 



Williams, C. C., N. Y. Hermetically sealed fruit in 

 syrup. 



Sabatier, G., La. Sugar. 



Waltemeyer, J., Md. Preserved fruits. 



Avery, D. D., La. Crushed rock salt. 



Anderson, W. F. & J. P., Ohio. Longworth's 

 sparkling and still Catawba, Catawba brandy, red 

 wine from Norton seedlings. 



Pleasant Valley Wine Co., N. Y. Sparkling wines, 

 and brandy. 



Werk, M.. & Son, Ohio. Dry and sparkling wines. 



Bottler, Cnas., Ohio. Dry and sparkling wines. 



American Wine Co., Mo. Wines. 



Buena Vista Vinicultural Society, Cal. Sparkling 

 Sonoma wine. 



Howard, Dr. B., N. Y. Ambulance and relief ma- 

 terial. 



Perot, T. Morris, Pa. Medicine wagon. 



United States Sanitary Commission. Camp material. 



GEOGRAPHICAL EXPLORATIONS AND 

 DISCOVERIES IN 1867. The year has been 

 marked by no discoveries of universal or star- 

 tling interest, but there has been, on the part 

 of those interested in geographical science, a 

 steady and systematic prosecution of measures 



for bringing to light the hitherto hidden facts 

 of the earth's history, and these measures have 

 been undertaken in a spirit of harmony and 

 cooperation between the geographers of differ- 

 ent nations which indicates grand and beneficial 

 results in the future. The most considerable 

 discoveries which have been made or published 

 during the past year have concerned Africa, 

 not as heretofore the upper Nile region, though 

 it is probable that Dr. Livingstone may have 

 settled some important questions there, but 

 Central Africa has been explored very thor- 

 oughly by Gerhard Rohlfs, Eastern Senegainbia 

 and the region adjacent by Messrs. Mage and 

 Quintin, the Ewe region, north of the Slave 

 Coast, by Rev. Mr. Hornberger, and the inte- 

 rior of South Africa, north of the colonies and 

 republics, by Carl Mauch, and the missionaries 

 Hugo and Josaphat Hahn and Richard Bren- 

 ner. Other parties have made minor explora- 

 tions, and several expeditions are now in prog- 

 ress to explore still more fully the heart of 

 Africa. One of these, that of M. Saint, who 

 goes out under the patronage of the Societe de 

 Geograpkie of Paris, has undertaken to cross 

 the African continent from Khartum to the 

 Gabun, and at last accounts had accomplished 

 nearly one-third of his journey. The English 

 war with Theodore, King of Abyssinia, has 

 brought to light a large amount of geograph- 

 ical information concerning that country, and 

 the scientific men who accompany the English 

 army are contributing still more. The empire 

 of Morocco has been very thoroughly explored 

 within the past two years, and its resources, 

 soil, productions, climate, and government very 

 fully described. In Asia there have been some 

 interesting explorations in Asia Minor, Syria, and 

 Mesopotamia ; and a few facts gleaned respect- 

 ing Siberia, Turkestan, and Sungaria. Several 

 intelligent travellers have penetrated into Thi- 

 bet, and China has been traversed in various 

 directions. Now that a distinguished Ameri- 

 can diplomatist has been adopted as the prin- 

 cipal ambassador of that empire to the Western 

 nations, we may expect speedily to become 

 more thoroughly acquainted with the Flowery 

 Kingdom. Upper India, Arracan, and the 

 Burmese empire have all been explored to 

 some extent the past year, and the French 

 Emperor has caused an expedition to be sent 

 for geographical discovery up the Me Kong or 

 Cambodia River, into the interior of Cochin 

 China. Australia has been traversed in various 

 directions, and the interior basin and its great 

 lakes explored. One more of its intrepid ex- 

 plorers, Mr. Mclntyre, has fallen a victim to the 

 pestilential fevers bred in its marshes, but the 

 work has gone on. 



On the Western continent our brave Arctic 

 adventurer, Captain Hall, is still absent, but 

 sends occasional reports. A larger tract of 

 land, believed to be an Arctic continent, has 

 been discovered in the Arctic Ocean. Our pur- 

 chase of Aliaska, or the Russian portion of 

 North America, has led to some exploration of 



