GERMANY. 



371 



to establish his domicile 



in all the " tin -r- BN bom in tin-in. Tint 



1. To iloinirili- uiul cmi- 



.:-nl commerce. :;. Weii/lits, 



iilil is>ii,< of paper lil"i 



">. 1'atciits. i',. Literary and 



7. The collective jir.'ti-.-tiiin of 



.,:iil of tin- (icrmaii llau; in t'orei^n coun- 



! he common eon.Mllar I 



Na\iiratioii and dues on \\.iter- 

 M the different Mates. Id. Post- 

 !>. II. Civil and commercial law 

 1 ('oinicil mid the Diet exer- 

 .ral legislative power. 

 i','or Irnni tlio moment that the two 

 in.- to mi agreement. 



('MAI-. 111. i Fi -dt-ral Council) declares that this body 

 is composed of the representatives of the Confederate 

 . The votes are distributed as follows : Prus- 

 y, 4 ; Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 2 ; 

 r.ninswu-k, _' ; and each of the other states, 1 ; in 

 all 4.". ' It Confederate can send to the Coun- 



cil as many representatives as it lias votes. But eaeh 

 ,:n put forth but one opinion. Each Confed- 

 ;-LS tin- rL'ht of making propositions, and a dis- 

 place on the some. The constitu- 

 tion cannot be modified without two-thirds of the 

 votes ; any other resolution is taken by a single 

 'y. In case of an equal division, the president 

 lias thu casting vote. The Council comprises seven 

 i:eiu committees: 1, army; 2, marine; 8, 

 finance; 4, commerce ; ">, railways, post-office, and 

 : 6, litigation : and 7, accounts. The corn- 

 named by the Council ? except the first 

 ..re appointed by the King as Generalis- 

 simo of the Confederation. The nomination will be 

 annual. Every Federal Councillor has a seat in the 

 id has a riirht to speak there; he enjoys the 

 imm:; -ded to the diplomatic body. 



CIIAI-. IV. (Presidentship of the Confederation) 

 assigns that post to the King of Prussia, who declares 

 war, makes peace, concludes treaties, sends and re- 

 - ambassadors in the name of the Confederation. 

 He nominates the chancellor of the whole body, who 

 lea over the Federal Council, convokes it and 

 the deliberations. He also convenes and closes 

 -sion of thu Federal Diet. The convocation 

 two assemblies takes places every year. The 

 Council can sit in the absence of the Diet, but the 

 latter is never to sit in the absence of the Council. 

 The King of Prussia submits propositions to the 

 ions and publishes tlie lederal laws, and 

 .Vs for their execution ; names and revokes 

 < cution is author- 

 ized agiiin.-t members of the Confederation who shall 

 to fulfil their federal obligations. The Federal 

 i. and, in case of need, the Kin;,' himself, ear- 

 out, and, when necessary, occupies the refrac- 

 tory state and substitutes himself for the local gov- 

 ernment. 



Cinr. V. (The Diet.) This body is elected by 



universal and direct suffrage. While waiting for the 



.: of a federal electoral law, the Diet will be 



1 according to the method determined on by 



"a. Public functionaries are not eligible. Its 



:s are public. The session is for three years. 



It names its own bureau. The vote is taken "by an 



absolute majority. Members have no right to any 



indemnity ; they cannot be prosecuted for their votes 



or speeches; they cannot accept from their constit- 



anj orders as to their votes. 



( ii \P. VI. (Customs and Commerce) provides that 

 the Confederation shall form a complete territorial 

 customs union, and regulate its tariffs accordingly. 

 CHAP. VII. treats of railways. 

 CIIAI-. VIII. o ft he post-office and telegraph. 



'.IX. of the marine and navigation. There is 

 - >rth Sea and the Baltic. 



The King of Prussia has the command, appoints 

 the officers and receives their oath of allegiance aa 



well as that of the crews. Kiel and Jahde are federal 

 seaports. The nog is black, blue, and red. 



of commie, who are to be nomi- 

 nated bv tin- Km,' of Prumia. 

 CUM-! XI. iptokl ! '! military organization. 



inhabitant of the Mates of the 'North i- 

 6, without hcin;r allowed to find a sub 

 The < '. >ni'ed. -rate .-tales bear a proportionate .-.' 

 the military budget. Kvery inhabitant serves in the 

 active army from the ai'e of t \M-nt 

 and in the'laiidwehr till the u^'e of thirty-two. The 

 eil'ective of the federal army, during ten years, and 

 on the peace footintr, will i>e one per cent, of the 

 whole population. For each man of the effective the 

 Kin;: will reeeive, L:J:> thalers (8 fr. 75c. eachj. lie 

 commands the army, directs its movements on all 

 occasions, puts it on a war footing, and fixes the whole 

 number ; receives the oath of the troops, names gen- 

 erals and commandants of fortresses, and can con- 

 struct fortresses. The other officers are named by 

 the Confederate princes, whose contingent they are 

 to command. The King of Prussia can proclaim 

 martial law. In a state 01 war the chief power passes 

 exclusively into his hands throughout the whole fed- 

 eral territory ; the civil authorities also are under his 

 orders. 



CHAP. XII. treats of federal finances. The revenue 

 to be derived from duties, from common taxen, and 

 from posts and telegraphs, is used for meeting the 

 common expenses. If this revenue is not sufficient, 

 the deficit will be made up by the several states in 

 proportion to their population. 



CUAP. XIII. treats of attacks on the Confederation, 

 and assimilates them to the crime of high-treason. 

 They are to be tried by the Supreme Court of the 

 Hanse towns, at Lubeck. 



CHAP. XIV. (general disposition) provides that 

 changes in the Federal constitution shall be effected 

 by way of legislation, but in the Federal Council a 

 two- thirds majority of voters shall be required for 

 such modification. 



CHAP. XV. declares that special treaties submitted 

 to the Diet will regulate the relations of the Confed- 

 eration with the states of the South. The entry of 

 the states of the South or of one of them into the 

 Confederation shall take place, upon the proposition 

 of the president, by way of federal legislation. 



The constitution of the North-German Con- 

 federation, on May 31st, was adopted by the 

 Prussian Chamber of Deputies by 227 against 

 93 votes, and on June 1st, unanimously by 

 the Upper Chamber. By the Legislatures of 

 most of the minor states the constitution was 

 ratified by a unanimous or nearly unanimous 

 vote. Only in the principality of Waldeck the 

 Legislature made its approval of the constitu- 

 tion dependent upon the annexation of Waldeck 

 to Prussia. This, however, was not acceptable 

 to the Prussian Government ; and, in the place 

 of annexation, a treaty was concluded between 

 the Governments of Prussia and Waldeck, in 

 accordance with which Prussia assumed the 

 administration of Waldeck for a term of ten 

 years. On June 25th the Federal constitution, 

 having been ratified by all the states, was pub- 

 licly proclaimed throughout the territory of the 

 Confederate states. 



In August the elections took place for the 

 second session of the North-German Parliament. 

 The two Conservative factions numbered, in the 

 now Parliament, about 110 members; but the 

 combined Liberal factions retained a small ma- 

 jority. The officers of the first session of the 

 Parliament, President Siinson and Vice-Pres- 



