(iKKMANY. 



(JIH.SON, WILLIAM. 



:;7:5 



tavari. Utricts ceded to 



4,7. 



1,748.828 







le*c-DarmHtadt (except the province of 

 . which forms part of the 

 i, an Confederation; 664,405 



Total 8,510,450 



Tin- idea of establishing a South-German Con- 



.lion was abandoned by the governments 

 of all tin-so states; but their views concerning 

 t licit- relations to the North-German Confedera- 

 tion considerably dillVn-d. The Grand-duke of 

 i!;idcii, nil opening the Diet of the grand-duchy 



ptember 5th, officially announced that it 

 was his linn determination to bring about a 

 national union of the South-German states with 

 the North-German Confederation, and to that 

 .ml ho as well as his people would willingly 

 make the sacrifices inseparably connected with 

 their entry into the union. This opinion was 

 supported by nearly all the members qf the 

 I>iet. In Hesse-Darmstadt, the Second Cham- 



ly 82 against 15 votes, adopted a resolu- 

 tion advocating the entry of the whole of the 

 irrund-diu'hy into the North-German Confedera- 

 tion, but the Government declared that it was 

 impossible to execute this resolution. The 

 < lovi rnments of Bavaria and Wurtemberg were 

 in favor of a faithful execution of the treaties 

 concluded with Prussia, but did not wish to 

 proceed further. 



On February 3d a conference began at Stutt- 

 gardt of representatives of the four South-Ger- 

 man states for the purpose of discussing the 

 introduction of a uniform militia organization 

 of the South-German states. The conference 

 was lii-ld upon an invitation from Bavaria, and 

 was closed on February 5th. The following 

 resolutions were agreed upon as the basis for fur- 

 ther military arrangements. 



1. The representatives here assembled recognize 

 it as a national necessity to organize the defensive 

 forces of their countries m such a manner as to admit 

 of common action commanding respect. 



2. They therefore agree, reserving the constitu- 

 tional cooperation of their estates, to increase their 

 military forces as largely as possible upon a svstcm 

 similar in principle to that of Prussia, which will ren- 

 der them fitted tor upholding the national integrity 

 In common with the remainder of Germany. 



3. The principles of this system, common to all 

 the four states, shall be : -a. The principle of gener- 

 al liability according to which the entire capable male 

 population is summoned under arms without admis- 

 sion of substitutes, b. The time of service, save 

 where the recruit joins voluntarily earlier, begins 

 with the completion of the 20th year and in no case 

 L.fcr than with the completion of the 21st year. c. 

 After expiry of the three years' term of active service 

 tlio men join the war reserve of their division ; with 

 liability to be employed in the line in time of war. 



principle of the Prussian system is met by a 

 strength amounting in the standing army (line and 

 to about 2 per cent, of the population, 

 of which, upon the average, one-half that is, Iper 

 constitutes the actual effective force. The 

 1 ''overnments will endeavor to reach these pcr- 

 .es as nearly as possible, but will in no case ad- 

 mit a percentage lower than a minimum of It per 

 cent, for the general strength of the standing army, 



and of I per nt. for the actual effective force. . 

 At'tt-r -\piry "'' ''>< time of service in the Blinding 

 army, tin- il 



ban'"!' tin- I.anduehr; to bo constituted according to 

 administrative i I.imdwehr) districts, with short pe- 

 rioda of drill in time of peace, and i-mpl-\ i 

 with tlic line in war. _/'. Time <>t'i-< ^-tana- 



ing army anil in tlu- n-M-rve battalions (Landwehr) 

 t-liall end at latest with the. completion of the 82d 

 year. g. Arrangements as to further service in the 

 second ban of the Landwehr and in the Landittunn 

 do not come within the scope libera- 



tions, h. Marriages and emigration are not permit- 

 ted during the three years' time of active service. 

 *'. PUO provision shall be made for the supply of ca- 

 pable non-commissioned officers. 



4. With regard to the organization of their armies, 

 the assembled representatives recognize the principle 

 that eaeh of the forces shall bo so subdivided and 

 equipped as may be essential for their common ac- 

 tion together and with the remainder of Germany. 



6. Determination with regard to the fortresses of 

 Ulm and Kastadt is postponed until the close of the 

 negotiations as to the division of Federal property, 

 which are to be forwarded as greatly as possible. 



Kesolntion 5 details the basis upon which 

 the aforesaid common action is to be founded. 

 These may be briefly stated as unity of drill and 

 similarity of tactical formation, unity of arms 

 and ammunition, similarity in the practice of 

 manoeuvres upon a large scale, and equality 

 of education for officers. 



On December 7th a conference of military 

 representatives from the South-German states 

 was held at Munich. At this conference a 

 general desire was displayed for the loyal exe- 

 cution of the resolutions passed at the confer- 

 ence held in February at Stattgardt. These 

 were for the common introduction, as far as 

 possible, of the fundamental principles of the 

 Prussian military system, so as to provide for 

 the South-German states being equally ready 

 with the troops of the Bund to take the field. 

 The regulations necessary for this purpose are 

 expected to be shortly issued. With regard to 

 the question of the fortresses, the conference 

 came to an understanding in principle, although 

 obstacles to practical measures still exist. 



GIBSON, WILLIAM, D. D., an Irish Presby- 

 terian clergyman and professor, born in Bally- 

 mena, Ireland, in 1809; died of apoplexy, near 

 Eathmines, one of the suburbs of Dublin, June 

 8, 1867. After enjoying the advantages of the 

 schools of his native town, he completed his 

 collegiate and theological training at the Uni- 

 versity of Kdinburgh, being a pupil of Dr. 

 Chalmers in theology. He returned to Ireland, 

 while yet a stripling, and was ordained minister 

 of the Presbyterian Church at Balletray, in 

 County Monaghan, but after a short time ac- 

 cepted an invitation to become the assistant 

 and eventually the successor of the Into Dr. 

 Hanna, of Rosemary-Street Church, Bc-lfa-t. 

 Here he continued in the pastorate for nearly 

 thirty years, holding for a part of that time the 

 professorship of Moral Philosophy in the Pres- 

 byterian College at Belfast, for which eventu- 

 ally he relinquished the pastorate. A few years 

 since he visited the United States as a di! 

 from the Irish Presbyterian General Assembly, 



