408 



ITALY. 



to the States of the Union through odious military 

 restriction, in violation of the Constitution, should 

 meet with the unqualified opposition of every good 

 citizen. 



The fourth and fifth resolutions called forth 

 an animated debate, but were finally adopted 

 without modification. The nominations made 

 were as follows: Governor. Charles Mason; 

 Lieutenant-Governor, M. D. Harris; Judge of 

 Supreme Court, John H. Craig ; Attorney-Gen- 

 eral, "W. T. Barker ; Superintendent of Public 

 Instruction, M. L. Fisher. 



An excited campaign followed these nomina- 

 tions. The question of the prohibition of the 

 sale of intoxicating liquors acquired some 

 prominence, and a ''People's party,' 1 made up 

 of anti-prohibitionists, was organized. The 

 election took place on Tuesday, the 8th of Oc- 

 tober, and resulted in the election of the Re- 

 publican ticket; but the votes are not canvassed 

 until the meeting of the Legislature in 1868. 

 Samuel Merrill, the new Governor, is a native 

 of Maine (his majority was estimated at 27,000 

 over Mason), but spent his early manhood in 

 New Hampshire, where he served two terms in 

 the Legislature of that State. He subsequently 

 removed to Iowa, and here too was chosen to 

 the Legislature. During the late war he 

 served with credit as Colonel of the Twenty- 

 first Iowa Infantry. 



The session of the General Assembly for the 

 year 1868 met at Des Moines, on Monday, the 

 13th of January. The members are distributed 

 among the political parties in the following 

 ratio : Senate Republicans, 39 ; Democrats, 8 ; 

 Independent and People's, 2. House of Repre- 

 sentatives Republicans, 77; Democrats, 16; 

 People's, 5 ; Independent, 2. One of the ear- 

 liest subjects to engage their attention is the 

 ratification of certain amendments to the Fed- 

 eral Constitution, known as the 14th Article, 

 proposed to the Legislatures of the several 

 States in a joint resolution of Congress adopted 

 June 16, 1866. 



ITALY, a kingdom in Southern Europe. 

 King, Victor Emanuel, born March 14, 1820, 

 succeeded his father as King of Sardinia on 

 March 23, 1849; assumed the title of King of 

 Italy on March 17, 1861. Heir-apparent to 

 the throne, Prince Humbert, born March 14, 

 1844. The area of the kingdom (since the an- 

 nexation of Venetia, in 1866) -is 118,356 square 

 miles ; the population, according to the census 

 of 1862, 24,231,850. Of these 12,128,824 are 

 males, and 12,103,036 females. There are on 

 an average eighty-five inhabitants to each 

 square kilometre. The population is divided 

 as follows: 3,788,513 under six years of age; 

 8,376,884 from six to twenty-four years ; 

 10,452,613 from twenty-four to sixty; and 

 I,(il3,850 from sixty upward. 14,052,318 are 

 unmarried; 8,556,175 are married; 1,623,304 

 are widowers and widows. Of the whole pop- 

 ulation, 23,958,103 speak Italian; 134,435 

 speak French; 20,393 speak German ; 118,929 

 speak other languages, such as Albanese, Greek, 



and Slave. 'With regard to religion, there are 

 24,167,855 Roman Catholics; 32,932 Protest- 

 ants; 29,233 Jews; 1,850 belonging to other 

 sects. Italy is divided into 8,562 communes 

 or parishes, of which 2,763 have less than 

 1.000 inhabitants, and only nine more than 

 100,000. In the budget for the year 1867, the 

 expenditures were estimated at 1,014,409,071 

 lire (one lira or nineteen cents); the re- 

 ceipts at 792,553,032 lire, and the deficit at 

 221,856,039 lire. The public debt amounted, 

 on December 31, 1866, to 5,287,582,451 lire 

 (nominal value of capital). The army, in 1867, 

 was 222,321 men on the peace footing, and 

 494,800 men on the war footing. The number 

 of war-vessels was, in 1867, 104, armed with 

 1,321 guns. The number of iron-clad s was 24, 

 armed with 448 guns. The official value of 

 the special commerce, in 1864, was as follows: 

 imports, 824,693,516 ; exports, 404,332,934 ; 

 transit, 54,169,338; total, 1,283,195,788. The 

 movements of shipping, including coasting ves- 

 sels, were, in 1865, as follows : 



Vessels. Tonnage. 



Entered 114,851 7,778,153 



Cleared 108,771 7,142,985 



The merchant navy, in 1865, consisted of 

 15,728 vessels, having an aggregate tonnage of 

 678,603. 



The following is, according to recent official 

 statistics, the distribution of professions and 

 trades in Italy: the Catholic clergy in the 

 peninsula comprise 161,123 individuals, being 

 seven for every thousand inhabitants. But in 

 TJinbria the proportion is fourteen per thou- 

 sand, the suppression of convents and sale of 

 ecclesiastical property at the commencement 

 of the present century not having been effected 

 in that province as it was in the then French 

 departments of the Tiber and Trasimene. Ag- 

 riculture provides work for 4,869,625 men and 

 2,839,210 women, or 7,708,835 individuals 

 in all, being about one-third of the popula- 

 tion. In this number, however, are counted 

 234,776 males and 42,734 females who are 

 engaged in pastoral pursuits. The number 

 of persons of both sexes engaged in manu- 

 factures is 3,072,245, viz., 1,379,505 males 

 and 1,692,740 females; there are 58,551 men 

 employed in mining, and 624,438 in com- 

 merce. The number of artists is 531,485, of 

 whom 404, 722 are men and 125,763 are women. 

 There are 130.597 functionaries, including 

 6,354 women. The army and police form an. 

 aggregate of 240,000 men ; there are besides 

 604,437 landed proprietors, of whom 257,407 

 are females; 160,077 man-servants, and 313,497 

 maid-servants ; the indigent amount to 305,335 ; 

 and persons belonging to none of the above 

 classes to 7,850,574. 



A royal decree, issued on January 1, 1867, 

 ordered a reduction of the army to 146,000 as 

 the peace footing and a corresponding mluction 

 of the budget of the iriinistry of war. A draft of 

 a law on the independence of the Church and 

 the disposal of ecclesiastical property was pre- 



