ITALY. 



400 



hamhcr. Tlic Church was de- 



i nil intervention of the state in 



tin.-. ,!; worship and in tlic nomina- 



tioii of bUhnps. Added to this dral't was the 



contract, concluded !>y tlic Mini-U r of Finance, 



Scial.'ja, \\iih the house Laiigraiid-Dumoiiccaii, 



the di>posal of ecclesiastical prop- 



u tract hecanie the subject of 



inimuted disciis>it>ii in the bureaux of the 

 (.'handier -if I'eputios, and on February 4th 

 the Chamber was notitied that ft majority 

 had rejected it. On February llth the min- 



of Kicasoli tendered ils resignation in 



piciicc of a vote of censure passed by the 

 ('handier against the ministry for having pro- 

 hibited some popular meetings in Venetia. Tho 

 nation of the ministry was not accepted, 

 but, instead, the Chamber dissolved ou Febru- 

 ary 13th. On February Ifith, three members of 

 the ministry, Borti (Public Instruction), Borgatti 

 (Worship and Justice), and Scialoja (Finance), 

 :ied. Depretis, heretofore Minister of the 



. supplanted Scialoja, while Correiiti 

 accepted the portfolio of Public Instruction, and 

 Biancheri that of Justice. The election of a new 

 Cham her on March 12th resulted in favor of the 

 ministry, which had a largo majority. Neverthe- 

 less, the ministry again, on April -ith, tendered 

 it* resignation, which this time was accepted 

 by the King. A new ministry was formed by 

 llattnzzi, and consisted of the following mem- 

 bers: Count P. di Campello, Foreign Affairs; 

 Sebastian Tecchio, Justice ; Ferrara, Finance; 

 Lieiitcnant-General Thaon di Kevel, "War; Ma- 

 jor-General Pescetto, Navy; Mich. Coppino, 

 Public Worship; Ant. Giovanola, Public Works; 

 F. do Blasiis, Agriculture and Commerce. On 

 May 14th a new draft of a law concerning the 



!;>!ical property was read to the Cham- 

 ber, and on May 2Gth the Minister of Finance 

 concluded a new contract concerning the dis- 

 p.--al of ecclesiastical property with the house 

 Erlanger of Paris. Both the new draft of law 

 and the new contract were rejected by the 

 majority of the bureaux of the Chamber of 

 Representatives, which presented a counter- 

 draft, proposing the conversion of the whole 

 of the property, its division into small lots 

 ami sale by auction the Government to be 

 authorized to issue bonds sufficient to realize 

 400,000,000 lire, bearing interest at the rate of 

 seven per cent., and redeemable in twenty-five 

 . The bill further imposed a tax of thirty 

 per cent, on ecclesiastical property. The bill 

 was passed by the Chamber of Deputies on July 

 28th, by 200 to 58 votes ; and on August 12th by 

 the Senate, by 84 to 29 votes, and sanctioned 

 by the King. The auction-sales of the ecclesi- 

 nMical property began soon after, and proceeded 



-fully, the prices realized exceeding the 

 official valuation. 



Karly in the year it became known that Gari- 

 baldi was planning another expedition against 

 the Papal States for the purpose of overthrow- 

 ing the temporal power of the Pope and an- 

 nexing Homo to Italy. The movement was 



at first fixed for June, and volnntcera be- 



gan to assemble in largo numbers; but the 

 itionan, DMMOrM taken by the Italian 

 nmcnt induced Garibaldi to delay. 

 From .Juno 22d to September 4th QaribftUf 

 traver-cd Tn-eany. I.ucca, and I'mhria, making 

 Irs, inllaming the people, and occasion- 

 ing many demonstrations in favor of a new CX- 

 pedition. ( )n September 4th he left IJnlogna for 

 ,.i, where he attended the Peace Congress. 

 This journey was intended as a feint, and while 

 Garibaldi \vas in Geneva, his sou Menotti, in 

 the Neapolitan provinces, was preparing the 

 immediate invasion of the Papal provinces. 

 Garibaldi left the Peace Congress in order to 

 place himself at the head of the in a-ion ; hut 

 before he reached the Papal frontier, h< 

 arrested by order of the Italian Government, 

 and, after a brief imprisonment, sent to his 

 home on the island of Caprera. He succeeded, 

 however, in making his escape, returned to 

 Italy, and this time safely reached the Papal 

 States, where the revolution, however, soon 

 ended with the defeat of the revolutionary 

 army at the battle of Montana and the capture 

 of Garibaldi by the Italian force. {See PAPAL 

 STATES.) 



The movements of Garibaldi were for the 

 Italian Government a source of great embar- 

 rassment. Nearly all the members of Parlia- 

 ment agreed in the wish to complete the unity 

 of Italy by the annexation of Rome ; but a 

 majority, in common with the ministry, disap- 

 proved of the enterprise of Garibaldi. On 

 September 21st the Government issued the fol- 

 lowing declaration : 



The ministry has carefully watched up to the pres- 

 ent the great agitation which, under the glorious 

 name of Koine, is trying to force the country to vio- 

 late international stipulations consecrated bv the vote 

 of the Parliament and the honor of the nation. The 

 ministry regretted the injury which such agitation 

 would do to the tranquillity of the state, the public 

 credit, and those financial operations on which depend 

 the well-being and future of the country. Up to the 

 present the ministry have respected the rights of all 

 citizens, but now that, contrary to those rights, cer- 

 tain persons would proceed to threats, the ministry 

 feel it their duty to preserve inviolate the public con- 

 fidence and the sovereitrntv of the law. The Govern- 

 ment will remain faithful to, and thoroughly carry 

 out, the declarations laid before and accepted by Par- 

 liament. In a free state no citizen can arise 'above 

 the law, or substitute himself in the place of the high 

 powers of the nation, and thus disturb by violent 

 means the organization of the country, and lead her 

 into the gravest complications. The ministry has 

 confidence in the wisdom and love of country of the 

 Italians ; but if any one should fail in loyalty toward 

 those national stipulations and attempt to violate that 

 frontier forwUoh \v<> have passed our word, the min- 

 istry will not permit such an act in anyway, and will 

 place on those persons contravening this order the 

 responsibility or whatever acts they may provoke. 



From the official documents presented totho 

 Chamber on December 28th (a closely-printed 

 volume of 165 pages), it appears that Ilatazzi, 

 up to the 8th or 9th of October, did all lie . 

 to prevent this Garibaldian movement, although 

 a largo number of local officials, of the grand 



