410 



ITALY. 



proprietors, and of the national guard did not 

 conceal their sympathy with it. About the 8th 

 or 9tli of October Eatazzi appears to have be- 

 come convinced of the impossibility of success- 

 fully stemming the tide of Garibaldian inva- 

 sion, and to have gone with it. 



la consequence of the complications arising 

 with France, Eatazzi, on October 15th, ten- 

 dered his resignation, which was accepted by 

 the King, who charged General Menabrea with 

 the formation of a new ministry, which was 

 constituted as follows : President of the Coun- 

 cil of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Lieutenant-Gen eral Count Louis Fred. 

 Menabrea; Minister of the Interior, Marquis 

 Gualterio ; Minister of Grace, Justice, and Wor- 

 ship, Adrian Mari ; Minister of War, Major-Gen- 

 eral Hector Maria Bertolg-Viale ; Minister of 

 Finance, Count Cambray-Digny ; Minister of 

 Public Instruction, Emil Broglio ; Minister of 

 Public Works, Count Cantelli ; Minister of the 

 Navy, Counter-Admiral Provana. The Italian 

 Parliament reassembled on December 5th. 

 General Menabrea announced the composition 

 of the new ministry, and explained its policy. 

 After alluding to the difficulties encountered 

 by the new cabinet, he went on to maintain 

 the right of Italy to intervene in the Pontifical 

 States when the intervention of France took 

 place. He said : " It was the right and duty 

 of the Government to arrest Garibaldi, who 

 had violated the laws of his country. The 

 conduct of the ministry, in spontaneously with- 

 drawing the troops of Italy when all danger had 

 ceased, prevented the arrival of other foreign 

 soldiers, and facilitated the departure of a por- 

 tion of those who had entered the Papal terri- 

 tory. " After justify ing the acts of repression 

 which had been exercised during the recent 

 state of things, General Menabrea announced 

 that the King had resolved to grant amnesty to 

 all persons compromised by the late events. 

 With regard to the Eoman question, he said that 

 it required very little to thwart the diplomatic 

 action of the Government. Eeferring to the 

 rights of Italy, General Menabrea maintained 

 that Eome, being in an isolated position in the 

 centre of Italy, was an impediment to the free- 

 dom of communication between the provinces 

 of the Italian kingdom. He said : " Supposing 

 France had a foreign government at Paris, 

 how could she exist ? The Eoman question is 

 not to be solved by violence. The Holy See 

 will be respected, and the Pope will find his 

 strongest support in Italy and not from abroad. " 



On the 6th of December the Chamber of 

 Deputies elected Signor Lanza, the candidate 

 of the Government, president of the Chamber, 

 by 194 votes against 154, which were given to 

 Eatazzi. On December 22d Signor Bonfardici 

 proposed an order of the day affirming Eome 

 to be the capital of Italy, deprecating the at- 

 tainment of that object by illegal means, and 

 approving the conduct of the ministry. Gen- 

 eral Menabrea accepted the order of the day. 

 The result of the vote was 199 in. favor of the 



motion, and 201 against it, defeating the minis- 

 try by a majority of 2. 



The foreign relations of Italy were, on the 

 whole, friendly ; only the continued occupation 

 of Eome by French troops, and the new 

 intervention of France in the Eoman question, 

 led to an unpleasant diplomatic correspondence 

 with France. The official " Green-book, " which 

 was distributed to the Chamber of Deputies on 

 December 10th, contains twenty-seven docu- 

 ments exchanged between the Governments of 

 France and Italy, from the 2d of June, 1865, 

 to the 7th of September, 1867, while the docu- 

 ments relating to the Eoman question are sixty- 

 six in number, their dates running from the 

 20th of December, 1866, to the 3d of De- 

 cember, 1867. In a dispatch dated the 8th of 

 August, 1867, the Italian charge d'affaires at 

 Paris communicated to his Government a dec- 

 laration of the French Minister for Foreign 

 Affairs that the Antibes Legion (the French 

 volunteers in Eome) was independent of any 

 foreign interference or control. Not only did 

 the French Government recognize this princi- 

 ple, but it was determined to conform thereto. 

 With regard to the mission of General Dumont 

 to Eome, who was reported to have addressed 

 the Antibes Legion as forming a part of the 

 French army, the French minister said : " I do 

 not disavow, but deny it. " In a note of the 2d 

 of September, the French Government stated 

 that the Emperor, while reserving to himself 

 the right of authorizing French officers to serve 

 in the Pontifical army as in other foreign 

 armies, intended that thenceforth the Antibes 

 Legion should contain none but soldiers free 

 from all obligation toward France. A tele- 

 gram from the Italian Government, of the 5th 

 of September, expressed pleasure that every 

 difficulty was removed that might disturb good 

 relations between the two countries. 



The communications relative to the Eornan 

 movement commenced with a telegram from 

 the Florence cabinet to the Chevalier Ni- 

 gra, the Italian minister in France, on the 

 30th of September, which said that, in the 

 event of a revolution at Eome, the Italian Gov- 

 ernment would necessarily be compelled to in- 

 tervene in order to preserve public order, and 

 guard Italian institutions. The French Gov- 

 ernment replied that in case of such events, 

 it would not act without previously communi- 

 cating with the Italian Government, and in- 

 sisted upon the frontier being loyally watched. 

 On the 14th of October the Italian Govern- 

 ment protested against the violation of the 

 September convention by France, and declared 

 that if the Frencli troops marched toward 

 Eome it would be compelled to intervene and 

 occupy Pontifical territory without fail. Chev- 

 alier Nigra expressed his opinion that the Ital- 

 ian Government might avert a French occupa- 

 tion by redoubled efforts to repress the Gari- 

 baldian invasion without occupying Pontifical 

 territory. A note from the Italian Government 

 upon the 17th of October said : " That in the 



