ITALY. 



IVES, LEVI S. 



411 



"!';i revolution taking place in Rome, the 

 only elHcacioiis mean- wa- tin- intervention of 

 Italy, in order to iv-torc order ami protect the 



i of the PontiH'. leaving tin- question of 



L'ntv intact." The French Government 

 replied upon the same day that it did not in 



ise. admit Italian intervention at Koine, 



i revolution in that city would be con- 

 .sidered at Paris as the consequence of tlie in- 

 vaMon of Pontifical territory. A note from 

 :.ir.|nis d'A/cglio, dated London, 2'Jth Oc- 

 . stated that Lord Stanley had declared 

 Knirland would exert her good offices to pre- 

 vent the entry of the Italian troops being con- 

 sidered l>y France as a easun belli. On the 2d 

 of November Chevalier Nigra wrote that the 

 French Government did not consider the entry 

 of the Italian troops into Pontifical territory as 

 *'<s belli, and bad ordered the French 

 troops to avoid all collision with the Italian 

 army. A dispatch from the Spanish Minister 

 for Foreign Affairs, on the 2d of November, 

 stated that the dispatch of a Spanish frigate 

 to Civita Vecchia was in no way intended as a 

 hostile step toward Italy, but had only been 

 taken to offer a refuge to the Holy Father in 

 case he might wish to leave his states. A dis- 

 patch from Chevalier Nigra, dated the 9th of 

 November, s.iid that the French Government 

 absolutely rejected the idea of the conference 

 for settling the Roman question which had 



proposed by France, consisting only of 

 Catholic powers. Baron Beust had stated to 

 the Italian minister at Vienna that Austria de- 

 el in ed to take part in a conference where none 

 were present but Catholic powers, and in ad- 

 hering to the proposal of a conference assumed 

 no initiative. A note from General Menabrea, 

 of the 14th of November, declared that Italy 

 rejected the proposed conference if it con- 

 I only of Catholic powers, and only con- 

 sented that the representatives of the great 

 powers should deliberate upon the Roman ques- 

 tion as in the case of other questions of gener- 

 al interest. The Italian Government could not 

 take part in any deliberation that might estab- 

 lish a still worse position of affairs between 

 Italy and the Holy See. In replying to the in- 

 vitation to the conference, Prince Gortschakoff 

 said that it was not necessary to engage Italy to 



revolutionary movements, and that Rus- 

 sia could not accept a conference for the settle- 

 ment of the Roman question without knowing 

 its hasis. A dispatch from General Menabrea, 

 of the 19th of November, stated that the Italian 

 Government, while reserving the inalienable 

 rights of the independence and unity of the 

 kingdom, did not hesitate to accept the confer- 

 ence in principle, certain that the powers would 

 l>e favorable to Italy. He asked what would 

 bo the position of Italy in the conference, 

 whether it was expected that she should at- 

 (:,. 1 only to declare her rights a position suit- 

 able to a great State which submitted a great 



'ti to friendly governments or whether 

 the resolutions of tlje conference would have 



authority or be ronlim-d to offering counsels. 

 In the latter case, General Menubreu inquired, 

 wojilil the French Government iiiMire their 

 sanction '. The Italian (iovcrnmcnt could not 

 admit any retrospective consideration of the 

 facts by which the kingdom had been con^ti- 

 tutcil. Tin- deliberations of the conf, 

 should be confined to removing the ditlictil- 

 ties between Italy and the Holy Se--. In a 

 note dated the :id of December, General Mena- 

 brea thanked the French Government for the 

 assurance of its friendship, and reserved the 

 statement of the proposals that appeared to 

 the Italian Government most expedient for the 

 settlement of the Roman question. 



On April 23d the Government ->f Italy con- 

 cluded with Austria for nine years a treaty of 

 commerce, establishing an entire liberty of 

 commerce and of navigation, as well as a postal 

 treaty. With the Egyptian Azizieh Company 

 the Government entered into a contract for a 

 term of years. On October 14th a treaty of 

 navigation was concluded between Italy and 

 the Xorth-German Confederation, to take effect 

 from the 1st of January. 1868. Treaties of com- 

 merce and navigation were also concluded with 

 Japan, China, and Paraguay. 



The sentence of the High Court of Justice 

 on Admiral Persano was pronounced on April 

 15th. It declares him guilty of disobedience, 

 incapacity, and negligence, and condemns him 

 to retire from the service, to be degraded from 

 the rank of admiral, and to pay the costs of 

 the trial. 



IVES, LEVI SILIIMAX, D. D., LL. D., Bishop 

 of North Carolina, born in Meriden, Conn., 

 September 16, 1797; diedatManhattanville, near 

 New York City, October 13, 1867. When ho 

 was quite young his parents removed to Lewis 

 County, N. Y., and engaged in farming, bringing 

 np their son in the same occupation until he 

 was fifteen years old, when he was sent to the 

 Lewisville Academy. During the War of 1812, 

 he served nearly a year under General Pike. 

 He entered Hamilton College in 1816, and be- 

 gan a course of preparation for the ministry of 

 the Presbyterian Church, which he joined in 

 very early life. Studious application injured 

 his health, and he left college before the close 

 of his senior year. In 1819 he joined the Prot- 

 estant Episcopal Church. He came to New 

 York at the instance of Bishop Ilobart, studied 

 theology under his direction, and received dea- 

 con's orders at his hands in \^2-2. In 1825 he 

 married Rebecca, daughter of Bishop Ilobart. 

 His first services were at Batavia, N. Y., then 

 a missionary station. In 1823 he took charge 

 of Trinity Church, Philadelphia, and was or- 

 dained to the priesthood by Bishop White. In 

 1827 he served as rector of Christ Church, 

 Lanca-ter, Pa., and at the end of the year be- 

 came the assistant minister of Christ Church, 

 New York. Six months after, lie was made 

 the rector of St. Luke's Church. He served 

 there until 1831, when he was cons.- 

 Bishop of North Carolina, and at once CM. 



