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JACKSON, JAMES. 



upon his duties. His popularity iu this new 

 sphere exceeded that which he enjoyed in the 

 priest's office. Rarely has a chief pastor been 

 the object of a warmer or more reverent 

 regard on the part of his diocese than was 

 Bishop Ives during the early part of his epis- 

 copate. Nor was this regard misplaced. En- 

 thusiastic in his profession, untiring in activity, 

 comprehensive in all his plans, few men were 

 so well fitted for the position he occupied, and 

 few could command to a larger degree the 

 respect and confidence of the community. He 

 was a very able preacher, and administered the 

 affairs of his diocese with much skill and judg- 

 ment, winning, in a remarkable degree, the 

 affection of his clergy. To promote the cause 

 of education in the Church, he established an 

 institution at Valle Crucis, among the moun- 

 tains of North Carolina, which finally exposed 

 him to great pecuniary loss. He manifested a 

 deep sympathy with the efforts then in progress 

 for the religious training of the slaves, and pre- 

 pared a catechism adapted to their comprehen- 

 sion and spiritual wants, which was successfully 

 introduced by him among the slaves on some 

 of the larger plantations. Besides various 

 charges to the clergy, and a number of occasion- 

 al sermons, he published a volume of discourses 

 on the "Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship," 

 and another on the " Obedience of Faith." 

 During the controversy in regard to the Oxford 

 Tracts, Bishop Ives sympathized strongly with 

 the Tractarian movement. In the years 1848-'9, 

 he began to publish and maintain doctrines at 



variance with what his diocese believed to be 

 the faith of the primitive Church. This excited 

 distrust, and alienation was the result. A 

 severe struggle ensued, which agitated the 

 conventions for the three following years. At 

 first the bishop publicly renounced the doc- 

 trines he had recently espoused, but he soon 

 returned to them again ; and, as his mind had 

 long been unconsciously tending to the Roman 

 Catholic view of the question, in the winter of 

 1852, while absent in Europe, he finally aban- 

 doned the faith of his diocese and of his own 

 earlier years, and upon Christmas day made his 

 formal submission to the Pope, at Rome. At 

 the ensuing General Convention he was pro- 

 nounced ipso facto deposed from his bishopric. 

 He afterward published a volume in vindica- 

 tion of his change of faith, entitled " The 

 Trials of a Mind in its Progress to Cathol- 

 icism." On his return to New York he was 

 employed as Professor of Rhetoric in St. 

 Joseph's Theological. Seminary, and as Lec- 

 turer on Rhetoric and the English Language 

 in the Convents of the Sacred Heart and the 

 Sisters of Charity. He served as an ac- 

 tive president of a conference of St. Vincent 

 de Paul, and occasionally as a public lecturer 

 in some of our large cities. The last years of 

 his life were devoted to the establishment of an 

 institution at Manhattanville for the protection 

 of destitute children. Through his untiring 

 efforts buildings are already erected for the 

 accommodation of TOO children, and others are 

 being constructed capable of holding 700 more. 



JACKSON, JAMES, M. D., an American phy- 

 sician, medical professor, and author, born in 

 Newburyport, Mass., October 3,1777; died in 

 Boston, August 27, 1867. He was the fourth 

 son of Jonathan Jackson, an eminent merchant 

 of Boston, and brother of Judge Charles and 

 Patrick T. Jackson. He was graduated at 

 Harvard University, in 1796, and after teaching 

 for a year in Leicester Academy, was employed 

 until December, 1797, as a clerk for his father, 

 who was then an officer of the Government. 

 He then became a medical pupil of Dr. Edward 

 A. Holyoke, of Salem, and after two years' study 

 with him, sailed for London, Where he obtained 

 the situation of " dresser " in St. Thomas's Hos- 

 pital, and attended the lectures of Fordyce, 

 Clive, Astley Cooper, Saunders, and others in 

 that and Guy's Hospital. He returned to Bos- 

 ton in the autumn of 1800, and immediately 

 commenced practice, and continued in the ex- 

 ercise of his profession until 1866. He joined 

 the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1803. In 

 1810 Dr. Jackson and Dr. John C. Warren 

 brought before their fellow-citizens in Boston 

 a series of propositions looking to the estab- 

 lishment of a city hospital and an asylum for 

 the insane. The latter was first organized, and, 



as the Hospital for the Insane, at Somerville, has 

 been productive of great good. The Massa- 

 chusetts General Hospital was soon after estab- 

 lished in Boston, and Dr. Jackson was the first 

 physician, and Dr. "Warren the first surgeon to 

 the institution. In 1810 Dr. Jackson was 

 chosen Professor of Clinical Medicine in the 

 Medical Department of Harvard University, 

 and in 1812 Professor of the Theory and Prac- 

 tice of Medicine in the same medical school. 

 He was several times elected president of the 

 State Medical Society. In 1835 he resigned 

 his professorship, and the same year relinquished 

 his position in the hospital. His practice was 

 always large, and the confidence in his skill 

 and judgment never wavered; but still more 

 deep and abiding was the trust in his sincerity, 

 sympathy, and genuine piety. All who knew 

 him felt that he was eminently a good man, 

 faithful, tender, and true in all the relations of 

 life. During his long and busy life, Dr. Jack- 

 son found time to write more, chiefly on medi- 

 cal topics, than most physicians in active prac- 

 tice think they can. His principal publications 

 were the following : " On the Brunonian Sys- 

 tem," 1809 ; "Remarks on the Medical Effects of 

 Dentition," in N. E. Medical and Surgical Jour- 



