LITEEATURE AND LITERARY PROGRESS IN 1867. 



North-German Confederation in 1866, has had 

 no relations with either the North-German 

 Confederation or the South-German states. 

 Area, 53 square miles ; population, in 1861, 

 7,994, all of whom belong to the Roman 

 Catholic Church. The annual receipts and 

 expenditures are about 55,000 florins each. 

 There is no public debt. Prince Johann II., born 

 October 5, 1840 ; succeeded his father Novem- 

 ber 12, 1858. 



LIPPE, a principality belonging to the 

 North-German Confederation. Prince, Paul 

 Friederic Emil Leopold, born September 1, 

 1821 ; succeeded his father on January 1, 1851. 

 Area, 445 square miles; population, in 1864, 

 111,336, of whom 107,597 were Protestants, 

 2,546 Catholics, and 1,193 Israelites. The re- 

 ceipts were estimated in the budget for 1867 at 

 224,905 thalers, and the expenditures at 209,146 

 thalers. The public debt, at the end of 1866, 

 amounted to 347,755 thalers. In consequence 

 of a military convention concluded with Prus- 

 sia, the conscripts of Lippe will, from October 

 1, 1867, serve in the Prussian army, and Prussia 

 will furnish to the North-German Confedera- 

 tion the contingent allotted to the principality. 



(LlPPE-ScHAMBURG See SdllATTMBURG-LlPPE.) 



LITERATURE AND LITERARY PROG- 

 RESS IN 1867. The year 1867 was an unsatis- 

 factory one to publishers in the United States. 

 The fluctuation in the price of gold and in the 

 materials of book manufacture was very great; 

 the market had been heavily overstocked with 

 foreign books, and the general depression of 

 business had made the demand for books much 

 smaller than usual, and had created an uncer- 

 tainty in regard to the future, which made the 

 publishers, though usually enterprising almost 

 to rashness, hesitate long before undertaking 

 any great enterprise. This hesitation was par- 

 ticularly marked in regard to the preparation 

 of the costly gift-books usually published for 

 the winter holidays. Very few of these were 

 undertaken, and for years past there has not 

 been so meagre a display of American fine 

 books as was witnessed at Christmastide of 

 1867. 



The list of published books, manufactured in 

 the United States, is somewhat larger than in 

 1865 or 1866, numbering 2,110 distinct works, 

 against 1,905 in 1866, and 1,802 in 1865. This 

 does not include English or French works im- 

 ported in editions for the American market. 

 Of these the number was much smaller than in 

 the previous year. Of the 2,110 works pub- 

 lished in 1867, 323 were either reprints or trans- 

 lations (of the latter there were 54). Of the 

 reprints, 111 were novels, 33 were religious 

 works, 46 juveniles, 37 scientific works, 11 his- 

 torical works, each 12 volumes of poetry and 

 essays, orations, etc. ; 6 books of travel, and one 

 biography. 



But though the number of publications was 

 considerably larger than the previous year, the 

 quantities sold were much less. Very few 

 books realized a large sale. The subscription 



publishing houses, accustomed to reckon their 

 sales by scores of thousands, and with whom 

 fifty thousand copies was a small sale, seventy- 

 five thousand but a moderate one, and nothing 

 less than one hundred thousand considered as 

 a satisfactory one, found themselves reduced in 

 most cases to sales of ten, twenty, or thirty 

 thousand copies, which, they complained, did 

 not pay for the outlay. In the trade proper, 

 there were not half a dozen great successes. Dr. 

 Holland's poem '-Kathrin a," though issued in 

 the autumn, sold to the extent of about 35,000 

 before the close of the year. Louisa Miihl- 

 bach's (Mrs. Clara Mundt's) series of historical 

 novels were fairly though not largely success- 

 ful, and the reprint of "The Queen's Life of 

 the Prince Consort " passed through several 

 editions. " Snow Bound," Mr. Whittier's new 

 poem, and Longfellow's "Dante" had also a 

 considerable sale. With a very few and rare 

 exceptions, the days of immense sales of single 

 works in the trade seem to have passed away. 

 Of the 2,110 works published in 1867, only 97 

 were biographical, 18 of them collective, and 

 75 individual biographies, and 4 genealogical 

 works. In History there were 147 works, of 

 which 116 belonged to American history, viz. : 

 3 treatises on the general history of the coun- 

 try ; 40 on Revolutionary and ante-Revolution- 

 ary history, including a considerable number 

 of reprints of old and rare tracts and volumes 

 by antiquarians ; 48 were post-Revolutionary 

 and modern, a considerable number of them 

 appertaining to the late war, though the de- 

 mand for histories of that war has mostly 

 ceased; 11 were histories of other countries, 

 and 19 were works on ecclesiastical history. 

 The number of treatises on theological subjects 

 was 105, of which 12 pertained to general, 25 

 to instructive or exegetical, and 68 to polemic 

 theology. The number of religious works was 

 103, of which 73 were didactic or narrative, 

 and 30 devotional books. 



Of works on natural science there were 46, 

 divided as follows : general treatises or essays, 

 4; natural philosophy, 3; chemistry, 6; zoolo- 

 gy, 13 ; geography, 13 ; geology, 1 ; ethnology, 

 2 ; astronomy, 4. There were three treatises 

 on intellectual philosophy, and the same num- 

 ber on moral philosophy, 13 on ethics, 3 on 

 logic and rhetoric, 28 on the different branches 

 of social science, 20 on mechanics and tech- 

 nology, 10 on political economy, 49 on politics 

 and political science, and 6 on mathematical 

 science. In education there were 12 general 

 treatises, and 50 text-books. 10 works were 

 published on topics connected with classical lit- 

 erature, 116 on law and legal reports, 67 were 

 medical and surgical treatises and monographs. 

 Philology had but seven contributions, while 

 statistics numbered 145 volumes. Poetry and 

 poetical criticism were represented by 115 dis- 

 tinct works. Essays and belles-lettres occupied 

 91 works, and fiction 328, of which 13 only 

 were religious novels. Of finely-illustrated 

 books, and works on the fine arts, there were 



