I'KMtfSYLVANIA. 



PERU. 



G21 



An in(> : '..-inn wa- | inn need by 



. u, at the Nnvi niln-1- term of tin- 

 Supreni'- Court, on a case brought t'nmi the 

 Ctuiiiiioii I'li-as oi' Philadelphia County on a 

 writ of error. A MI'H had been brought 

 colored \voiiinii again.-! the Philadelphia West- 

 . <d mad Company, for damans sus- 

 i liy removal of t he plaintitV from one Beat 

 iu tin- car to another equally good. The case 

 before the passage of the act of Man-It 

 J-J, INt'iT, which declares it to be an offence for 

 railroad companies to make any distinction 

 among pus-tigers on account of race or color, 

 ami the judge decided that nt that time the 

 railroad company had a right to make and. 

 enforce regulations separating colored persons 

 from the other passengers, thus reversing the 

 decision of the lower court. Judge Agnew 

 l>a<cd liis decision on the principle that public 

 carriers have a right to make such regulations 

 as are ncc'-siry to preserve order and promote 

 the comfort of passengers, and may therefore 

 make any separation which may be reasonably 

 thought n't for that purpose, as a separation of 

 ladies from gentlemen unaccompanied by ladies, 

 -oldiers from civilians. lie argued, more- 

 :hat there was such a distinction between 

 negroes and whites, founded on natural diifer- 

 - of race and the customs of society, as 

 well as on the recognized usage in the Legisla- 

 ture and courts of the State, as justified a sep- 

 aration in public conveyances so long as ac- 

 commodations were not denied to either party, 

 of as good a quality as were offered to the 

 other. He says: "Law and custom having 

 sanctioned a separation of races, it is not the 

 province of the judiciary to legislate it away. 

 We cannot say there was no difference in fact, 

 when the law and the voice of the people had 

 said there was. The laws of the State are 

 found in its constitution, statutes, institutions, 

 and general customs. It is to these sources 

 judges must resort to discover them. If they 

 abandon these guides, they pronounce their 

 own opinions, not the laws of those whose offi- 

 cers they are. Following these guides, we are 

 compelled to declare that, at the time of the 

 alleged injury, there was that natural, legal, 

 and customary difference between the black 

 and white races in this State, which made their 

 separation as passengers in a public conveyance 

 the subject of a sound regulation, to secure 

 order, promote comfort, preserve the peace, 

 and maintain the rights both of carriers and 

 passengers." 



An injunction was sued out before Justice 

 Strong, in the fall of 1866, to restrain a rail- 

 road company in Philadelphia from running 

 their cars on Sunday. The injunction was 

 granted, but on an appeal to the Supreme 

 Court, a decision was given by Judge Thomp- 

 son in November last, Chief- Justice Wood- 

 ward concurring, which set aside the injunc- 

 tion and dismissed the bills, on the ground that 

 it was not a case falling within the jurisdiction 

 of a court of equity. It was admitted that the 



running of oars on Sunday was a penal offence 

 under a statute of 171M, and that tin 

 company might be proceeded airan 

 Commonwealth for the 1. reach of that l.v.-. 

 it was not a case in which a court of equity 

 could grant an injunction at the suit of a pri- 

 vate per-on. 



I'KKH A, a country in Asia. Shah (properly 

 Shah yn Shall, which means King of K 

 Nasser-.cd-l>in, born in 1829; succeeded his 

 father, Mohammed-Shah, in 1848. Heir-ap- 

 parent, Mouzaffer-ed-Din-Mirza. A new min- 

 i-tr\ was appointed June 18, 1866, of which 

 the following were the principal members : 

 War, Aziz-Khan ; Finances, Mirza-Yussuf; Com- 

 merce and Public Instruction, Ali-Kooli-Mirza; 

 Foreign Affairs, Mir/.a-Said -Kal.n. Tin- 

 is about 26,000 geographical square miles ; the 

 population, about 10,000,000 (according to other 

 estimates only 6,000,000). The nomad popula- 

 tion is estimated at 3,000,000. The largest 

 cities are Ispahan, about 60,000 inhabitants; 

 Tauris, 100,000; Teheran, 80,000; Meshed, 

 100,000. All the inhabitants, with the excep- 

 tion of about 500,000, are Mohammedans, of 

 whom about 7,500,000 belong to the Shiite, 

 1,500,000 to the Sunnite, and 500,000 to other 

 sects. The Christians of Persia are chiefly 

 Armenians and Kestorians, many of whom 

 have united with the Roman Catholic Church, 

 which has two bishops in Persia, one for the 

 Latin rite and one for the Catholic Armenians. 

 The receipts of the treasury of the crown 

 amount to about 3,000,000 "tomans," or 36.- 

 000,000 francs, to which sura must be added the 

 value of the extraordinary presents to the Shah. 

 The Persian army at present numbers 90 regi- 

 ments or battalions, of 800 men each, of regular 

 infantry; 3 squadrons, of 600 men each, of reg- 

 ular cavalry, who are at the same time a 

 body-guard to the Shah; 5,000 artillery, and 

 200 light artillery, mounted on camels; be- 

 sides 30,000 irregular cavalry, who are called 

 into service in case of emergency. The Per- 

 sian soldier is nominally obliged to serve all 

 his life. The general commerce of Persia con- 

 sists of imports and exports of the value of about 

 21,000,000 Prussian thalers. 



At the close of the year 1867, the Persian 

 Government (it was thought, at the hint of 

 Russia) made at Constantinople, in a very de- 

 cided tone, certain claims on the subject of 

 violations of territory and arrests of Persian 

 subjects, of which the governor of Bagdad, 

 Namik Pacha, is said to have been culpable. 

 It was expected that this might lead to serious 

 complications with Turkey. Mirza-Said-Khan. 

 in order to obtain the triumph of his policy, and 

 destroy the French and English influence at 

 Teheran, also recalled, in a very brusque fash- 

 ion, the numerous young Persians studying in 

 France and England. 



PERU, a republic in South America. Presi- 

 dent, for the term from 1867 to 1872, G. 

 Mariano Ignacio Prado. The ministry, appointed 

 in June, 1867, consisted of the following mem- 



