RKNnr.VRD, GEORGE 0. 



Q s|iirit'.i:il mat: 

 ntied their serviei-s and with 

 .lions their tionu adh'T.-d tn tin-in. 



: tint, tin- " Liberalism " of lln^e niiii- 

 . though it prevailed in tin- I >ut.-h ( 'Imivli, 

 had hnt vi-ry little sympathy with tin- extreme 

 imo thm!. nnany. >; 



N<>r.\i;i>. i: .. GK >H E OKOTL, 15. l>.. F. 

 9., K. !!. A. 8., etc., a distiiiguishc- 1 

 Hsh geographer and Orientalist, Uectorof Swan-- 

 forty-nine years, horn at Stanford, 

 in Lincolnshire, September IT, 17^0; died nt 

 Hartford, Fi-l.ni:>ry 15, 

 iot extraction, his an- 

 ps having . mi France atler the 



the Kdict of Nantes. He was 

 educated at St. Paul's School, the Gharter- 

 . and at Sidney Sussex ('<i!le^-, Cam- 

 bridge. IK- graduated from the university in 

 Hn-_>, being then a good Arabic and Hebrew 

 .r. In IS;)}, having been ordained both 

 <i and priest, he became chaplain of the 

 British embassy to Constantinople, wliero he 

 rein >' <tudying the Oriental lan- 



i literature. In 1806 he returned to 

 id. and accepted the curacy of Great St. 

 Mary's, Cambridge, where he remained till 

 HI 1. when he went out to Smyrna as chaplain 

 of the I>riti-h Factory there, and remained till 

 HI 1. In 1815 he was appointed Lord lliLch 

 Almoner's Professor of Arabic in Cambridge 

 University, and in 1818 was presented by his 

 college to the rectory of Swanscombe, where 

 -ided till his death. He early became a 

 .'>cr of the Royal Asiatic and the Royal 

 :-r>h!ca! Societies, and was a leading 

 member of the translation committee of the 

 former, and, from 1836 to 1840, the Honorary 

 Foreign Secretary of the latter. His labors in 

 tion with both societies were very great, 

 r formed with that modesty and fidelity 

 :v-ts. of science which ever charac- 

 terized him. Ho was very eminent as a phi- 

 lologist, and his knowledge of most of the Asi- 

 atic languages was extensive and profound. Ho 

 as proof-reader of the translations of the 

 Scriptures into Turkish and other Oriental lan- 

 guaws made by the British and Foreign Bible 

 ud rendered great services to the 

 Syro-Egyptian and Numismatic Societies by h is 

 -kablo attainments as an Egyptologist. 

 H was a large contributor to the Encydo- 

 .'// rropolitana, especially in the depart- 

 ments of Grecian History and Archaeology, and 

 the Geography of the East. Ho was also a 

 high authority on all questions connected with 

 botany. He contributed numerous papers to 

 :ill the societies with which he was connected, 

 each characterized by a remarkable perspicuity 

 of thought and expression, an exact and logical 

 style, yet full of grace and beauty, and a com- 

 prchcnsivcne-s of intellectual grasp as rare as 

 it was valuable. His paper on " The La: 

 of the Berbers." presented to the Geographical 

 Society in 1836, was one of the ablest ever of- 



KKSKKVOIR OF FURENS. 675 

 fered to that society. Ho edited, with great 



car.- and labor, mo-t of the mon- iin; 

 graphic, 1 1 



distinguished f,,r j.nri: . 

 i-f life, extreme, modi-sty, ami . 

 liberality. His feeling of n . 

 word ami worship of (Jod was deep ami 



:ie time he was a man of d.- 

 aiid definite opinions on all the leading 

 topics of ih- <i 'hose were held in a 



spirit of charity and coiirtev/ such a< K unhap- 

 pily, too r 



-KUY< Hit OF FCREXS. M. Morin pre- 

 seiits, in the name of M. < . 



of the Bridge-- and Kmbaiiknients in the De- 

 partment of the Loire, France, an account of 

 the reservoir of Furens, near Saint Etiei.ne, in 

 these word-: 



Since the presentation which was made by 

 M. Graeff on the 23d of April, Jii(5, which 

 was an account of the theory of the motion of 

 water in reservoirs, that served for irrigation, 

 one of the reservoirs in which this theory has 

 achieved entire success has been erected at 

 Furens. 



The city of Saint Etienne, in which formerly 

 a subterranean basin was used to hold, at the 

 source of the Furens, all the necessary water, 

 has contributed a sum of at least one rniUion dol- 

 lars for the construction of this reservoir by state 

 engineers. By this work, the city secures the 

 right of using this reservoir for storing the 

 superabundant water of the Furens during the 

 spring and autumn, and in fact to use it for 

 municipal purposes, and for regulating the sup- 

 plies during the droughts of summer and win- 

 ter, to the manufactories, of which there are 

 68 on the stream. 



The old bed of the Furens, in the part where 

 it forms a vast basin, has been shut off down 

 the river by a har 160 feet high, of which the 

 profile was adjusted according to the type of 

 equal resistance. This bar is made entirely of 

 ordinary masonry, and only the cap is composed 

 of regular blocks, which are of cut stone; the 

 bar is founded on a rock which eucases its base 

 and sides. 



It was commenced in 18G2 and finished in 

 1866, and was officially inaugurated on the 

 28th of October, though it was filled in the 

 spring, and furnished, during the summer, the 

 city and manufactories of the valley. At its 

 trreatest rise, the Furens did not give out more 

 than 150 cubic feet per second, from oh- 

 tions made during ten years by M. Graeff, but on 

 the Kith of July, 1840, a water-spout occurred 

 in the valley, which was at least 6,175 acres in 

 extent, and there resulted from it an inunda- 

 tion of the city of Saint Etienne. This im- 

 mense overflow reached the great volume of 

 4.i > .i > 4 cubic feet in a second, and subsequent 

 ation showed that the invasion of the 

 city by water did not occur until the out-flow 

 of' the Furens attained 3,284 cubic feet a 

 second, which was very unusual. 



The observations made of the quantity of 



