RUSSIA. 



688 







Uo Caucasus 4,157,917 







1 6,100,000 



! 1,798,909 



77,008,518 

 :[.it:il, St. IVtci-,!,u:--, had, in 1855, 



540,000 in and Moscow 851,027. !:. 



the liinL-vt for i <.?. ill- revenue and i-xpon- 

 ditur. i"li climated at 397,088,854 



ruMcs. i'liblic deht, January 1, 1806, 1. 

 960,97-1 ru 



Tii.- '<:il statistics of tho country 



foreign commerce of Russia, from 1800 

 to 1865, was as follows (value expressed in 



rulil. 



Exjxirts. 



Imports. 



At the beginning of the year 1866, the num- 

 rau. officers of the staff, aud officers, 

 , : that of under officers and soldiers 

 7 1 .'*. 1 "> i. The latter were divided as follows : 



Tin.' fleet, in 1864, consisted of 48 sailing-ves- 



.vi:h' 7'i trims; and 263 steamers, with 



nuns. The number of iron-clads is 16, 



with L 1 1 ir.ins. and 8 in course of construction. 



Tho Government displays a cruel energy in 

 foivinir tho It;i>si;in language upon the non- 

 :n races in order to hasten the com- 

 consolidation of the empire in point 

 of nationality. The cruelty of this policy 

 \\ r a- especially apparent in the case of Po- 

 land. In March an imperial decree was is- 

 sued abolishing the Polish Council of State 

 until the work of assimilating the Polish ad- 

 ministration to that of the Russian empire 

 was completed. All leu'islative questions in Po- 

 land will be submitted to tho decision of the 

 Imperial Chancery and the committee of the 

 I'lnn-r kingdom of Poland at St. IVt .rshurg. 

 In April the iinancial administration of tho 

 kingdom was placed by an imperial ukase. 

 wholly mider the control of tho Russian Minis- 



* Deducting the local troops, or those charged with service 

 in the inti-rior, or with the instruction of recruits. 



ter of Finance. By an imperial decree, dated 

 May 2!t.Ii, all political prosecutions still pending 

 in reference to the risings in Poland were 

 quashed, and all persons implicated, excepting 

 always criminal offenders, amnestied. No fresh 

 prosecutions will be instituted in reference to 

 tho last Polish insurrection. All Poles interned 

 in Russia are allowed to return to their homes, 

 if tho officials of the locality where they may 

 have been interned give a good report of their 

 behavior. Polish priests will receive a per- 

 mission to return to their homes from the 

 Governor of Poland, and natives of the western 

 provinces, who may have been banished from 

 their homes by order of the administration, 

 will receive permission to remove to Poland 

 upon obtaining testimony of their good con- 

 duct. All Polish priests are to be subject to 

 the Governor of Poland as well as to their 

 bishops. Another ukase, dated December 24th, 

 orders that the amnesty shall not extend to 

 those political refugees in foreign countries 

 who took part in the last revolutionary out- 

 break. 



According to a manifesto issued for and 

 probably by tho aristocratic representatives of 

 Poland, the number of Poles sent to Siberia 

 since January, 1863, amounts to 18,682, among 

 whom 146 are women and 114 priests. All 

 we iv transported for political delinquencies, 

 aud, according to the offence imputed, are 

 sentenced either to forced labor in the mines, 

 colonization in the villages, or mere residences 

 in villages or towns. In addition to these,. 

 33,780 persons were banished to the steppes 

 of the Ural, as severe a punishment as removal 

 to Siberia, but nearer home. Furthermore, 

 l-J.Vii; persons, among them 218 women and 

 163 priests, were forcibly made to leave their 

 homes and accept a compulsory abode in the 

 interior of European Russia; 2,4 H> were 

 placed in the ranks of the army,- 31,500 in 

 houses of correction (the greater part of whom 

 were subsequently removed to Siberia), and 

 G20in the churchyards of divers penitentiaries, 

 having died before trial. On the battle-fields 

 of the rebellion, as Russian communications 



