SI 'A IN. 



701 



. ; lliiit (ho benefits from .such a cour-e 

 must, in tlio nature of I : iiiiilual, is 



MM." 



'J'lu- Kducational Department, :>f tho Freed- 

 l>u:vau lias work<-d -with a good degree 

 I006M, and there has been a considerable, 

 ineiva-e in tin- number of schools, while pult- 

 lic .-.eiitiment toward them lias undergone a 

 marked chaiiire for the bettor. On tho 1st of 

 lime then- were 78 of these schools in opera- 

 tion, employing I:!'.) teachers '.'"> \\hiti- and 44 

 colored ; !i,!i.")0 pupils were, in attendance. The 

 Bureau has also under its charge three efficient 

 hospitals, an orphan asylum, and a home for 

 I and iniirin. 



A Mate penitentiary on an extensive plan is 

 in process of construction at Columhia. It 

 will contain 500 cells for males and 48 for fe- 

 males, \\ith all necessary appliances for a 

 wholesome supply of air and water. The 

 workshops, culinary department, etc., are to be 

 finished on the most improved plan, and the 

 institution when completed will be one of the 

 lino>t of the kind in tho country. 



SI 'A IN, a kingdom in Europe. Queen, Isa- 

 bella 11., horn October 10, 1830; succeeded her 

 lather on September 29, 1833. Heir-apparent, 

 Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, born .November 

 28, 1857. The ministry, in October, 1867, con- 

 sisted of tho following members: President 

 and Minister of War, Marshal Ramon Maria 

 Xarvaez y Cumpos, Duke of Valencia (appoint- 

 ed July, 1866); Foreign Affairs, Arrazola 

 (1867) ; Grace and Justice, Marquis de Ron- 

 cali (1867); Finances, Marquis de Barzanallana 

 (1866); Interior, Brabo Murillo (1866); Public 

 Works, Commerce, and Instruction, Orobio 

 (1866) ; Navy, Belda (1867); Colonies, Marfori 

 (1867). The area of Spain, inclusive of the 

 Balearic and Canary Islands, is 182,758 square 

 miles. The population, inclusive of the above 

 inlands, and of the Spanish population of Te- 

 tuaii. on the coast of Africa, was estimated, in 

 1864, at 16,302,625 inhabitants. The Spanish 

 dominions in America (Cuba, Porto Rico, Vir- 

 gin Island-) contain 1,832,062; those in Asia 

 and Oceanica (the Philippines and adjacent 

 islands), 2,679,500; those in Africa (Presidios 

 and Guinea Islands) 17,071: total population 

 of tho Spanish colonies, 4,528,633. In- the 

 budget for the years 1866-'67, the revenue and 

 expenditures were estimated as follows, value 

 expressed in escudos (dollars) : 



The public debt, in November, 1866, was 

 20,412,134,058 reals; the floating debt, in July, 

 1867, amounted to 172,000,000 reals. The 

 army numbered, in 1866, 236,301 men. A 

 royal decree, on tho reorganization of tho 

 army, issued in January, 1867, fixed the effect- 

 ive force at 200,000 men. The annual contin- 

 gent, by a bill passed in June, 1867, was fixed 



at 40,000 men. The navy, at the close of tho 



isc.o, numbered 1 1 s vessel*, carry in $ 

 cannon. Tho import-, in 

 1,898,000,000 reals, and i 1.219,- 



000,000 reals. Tho movement of -hipp 

 1864, was 10,449 entrances and > 

 ances 



An election fbra new Cortes took place in 

 March. The Liberal party general... 

 from voting, and thus the COIIJ.MV--. ( ,f Depu- 

 onsisted almost exclusively of the adher- 

 ents of the ministry. 'I he new ( 'orK-s assembled 

 on March ituth, and Scfior Belda v, 

 president of the ('oiiirrc-s by 181 out of ii<M 

 votes. SeQor Nocedal, the leader of the '-Catho- 

 lic" party, had written a letter declining to 

 become a candidate for tin- presidency, . 

 ing that he was opposed to Liberalism and Un- 

 parliamentary system of government :.l together. 

 The Congress was almost unanimous in tho 

 support of the Government; thus the Bill of 

 Indemnity for all acts of the Government since 

 the closing of the last session of the Cortes 

 was adopted by 245 against 4 votes. In tho 

 Senate the Government obtained for this bill 

 122 against 64 votes. A motion expressing re- 

 gret at the measures adopted by the Govern- 

 ment against Marshal Serrano, its late presi- 

 dentj was rejected in the Senate by 97 against 

 G9 votes. The Government dismissed all the 

 civil officers who had voted with the minority. 



The revolutionary junta of Madrid, on Janu- 

 ary 1, 1867, issued a proclamation to the Span- 

 ish people, announcing that a new insurrec- 

 tion was preparing, and that the people would 

 receive timely notice of its outbreak. No dis- 

 turbance took place, however, until the latter 

 days of August, when the following proclama- 

 tion from General Prim circulated in large 

 numbers in Madrid, Barcelona, and other cities, 

 calling the people to arms: 



Spaniards t Tho hour has come at hist when we 

 should strike the blow and rid ourselves of our op- 

 pressors. Our country's dignity and our own liberty 

 peremptorily demand "this. We have hitherto been 

 restrained until success should be certain. It has now 

 arrived. The immorality in the upper classes, sup- 

 ported by official adulation and officious despotism, 

 has rendered indispensable a radical change in our 

 country's destinies. There is nothing more dan- 

 gerous or mischievous than insurrections nothing 

 grander or justi-r than revolutions, when they are ne- 

 cessitated by a nation's misery or an army's suffer- 

 ing ; when disorder has been elevated into a system, 

 and oppression has attained tho limits of tyranny. 

 Agriculture is suffering oil trades are stagnant ; the 

 press and the Parliament are condemned to silence, 

 and a blush suffuses every honest Spaniard's brow 

 when ho looks upward to the throne or down upon 

 his degraded countrymen. The Government nas 

 recourse to every kind of torture ; it tramples our 

 laws under foot, and stifles the cries of outraged 

 opinion by purloining the public money. How hor- 

 rible is the constant commingling of the groans of 

 the transported, with thu <.li>eliar_:rs of musketry ut 

 our unfortunate comrades ! Revolution is the sole 

 remedy for these crying evils. It should convoke 

 tho Constitutional Cortes through universal suffrage. 

 The new order of things, and tin- tU-st ruction of that 

 ^ li'u-h exists should be based on Liberty, the daugh- 

 ter of Right, and Right, the daughter of Justice, 



