TOKREY, JOSKIMI. 



TURKEY 



727 



BO proceed to lay the- length of tin- l.ulk; then 

 turn ami lay down tli-- other >!!. of the bulk, 

 lett'mi: tin- ends of the ti)!i;i<-<-<) lap iivcr tb 

 rn\v about tour indies, and 80 repeat, keeping 

 tin- butts even. After one or two round- arc 

 laid, get on tlio bulk on the knee-, ami as y\i 

 'land put your knco on it, and thus puck 

 .1 compact as possible. "When not 

 bulking down have board- laid on the tobac- 

 co, and weights put on to keep tho tobacco 

 Keep tho ground-leaf separate from the 

 prime. 



I///-/. Where the grower prefers to pack 

 his own tobacco, he can either do so in boxes 

 or ho^head-i. Tho boxes generally contain 

 from 300 to 400 Ibs. To contain tho latter 

 'it, they sluould be made 80 inches square 

 by 43 inches in length outside ; saw the end- 

 1> lards 28 inches long, nail them to two IJinch 

 square slats, so that the head will bo 28 inches 

 square; when two heads are made, nail the 

 sides of tho box to the heads, so as. to come 

 even with the outside of the head, the ^dcs 

 being 28 inches wide; then nail the bottom on 

 firmly ; the top can be nailed slightly until after 

 the tobacco is packed, when it can be nailed 

 firm. Set your box by the side of the bulk, 

 and let one hand get in the box and another 

 pass the tobacco to him, one hand at a time, 

 taking care not to shake it out, but put in the 

 box as it comes from bulk, with the butt of the 

 hand next tho end of the box. Place close 

 and press with the knee firmly; lay alternate 

 courses at each end, and if the tobacco is not 

 long enough to lap sufficiently to fill the centre, 

 put a few hands crosswise in the centre. When 

 the box is full, place it under a lever; have a 

 follower which is a cover made of inch boards 

 nailed to two pieces of scantling, and made to 

 fit inside of the box ; lay this on the tobacco, 

 and build with blocks of scantling on it of a 

 sufficient height for the lever to be clear of the 

 box when pressed. Press down firmly with a 

 strong lever, and, while kneeing-in another box- 

 fid, let the lever remain, so that the tobacco 

 gets set in the box. When ready take the lever 

 off and fill up as before, about six inches higher 

 than the box ; press it below the top of the box, 

 take off your lever and nail on the top as quick- 

 ly as possible. When packed in hogsheads (the 

 size in several of the States is fixed by law at 40 

 inches in the head, and 52 in length), each will 

 contain from one thousand to fifteen hundred 

 pounds. 



TORREY, Rev. JOSEPH, P. D., a Congrega- 

 tional clergyman and author, Professor an'd 

 President of tho University of Vermont; born 

 in Romney, Mass., in 1797; died at Burlington, 

 Vt., November 26, 1867. He received his 

 colk-giate 'education at Dartmouth Collcire, 

 where he graduated in 1816, and immediately 

 entered Andover Theological Seminary, and 

 passed through the usual three years' course 

 there. He was ordained and settled as pa-tor 

 at Royalton, Vermont, the same year, ami re- 

 mained there until 1827, winning the esteem 



and confidence of his people. In 1827 he was 

 elected to tin- profi--.ir-hip <,: (/ and 



Latin languages in the I'l/iv. rsity of Ver 

 at Burlington, and won ji high r.-pntarion for 

 the extent and accuracy of hi- < !.,-.;, a] uttain- 

 im-nt-. In is 12, on the death of ]>r. James 

 flu- president of tho university, Profem- 

 orTonvy WM traii-f.-rn-d to the chair of Intel- 

 lectual and Moral Philo-ophy, for which ho was 

 admirably qiialiticd. While holding this pro- 

 fessorship he edited Ir. Ma iously 

 unpublished papers, and accompanied them by 

 an intere-ting memoir of that able and pro- 

 found thinker. Soon after ho entered upon 

 the great literary work of his life, the transla- 

 tion and careful editing of Neander's Church 

 Hi-tory. Professor Torrey's rendering of this 

 work, and his notes, greatly enhanced tho 

 value of tho history. After the death, in 1855, 

 of Rev. Dr. Worthington Smith, who succeeded 

 Dr. Marsh as president of the university, Pro- 

 fessor Torrey edited his sermons and prefixed 

 a memoir. President Peas"e, who succeeded 

 President Smith, died in 1863, and Professor 

 Torrey was chosen president. His health was, 

 however, so infirm that he was hardly able to 

 perform the duties, and in 1865 he surrendered 

 the presidency to Mr. Angell, and resumed the 

 chair of Philosophy. Latterly he had been 

 compelled to meet his classes at his own house. 

 The eminent scholarship of Dr. Torrey was 

 universally recognized ; his amiable and gentle 

 character, though known to a narrower circle, 

 made him, in that circle, the object of an un- 

 usual veneration and love. 



TURKEY. An empire in Eastern Europe, 

 Western Asia, and Northern Africa. Present 

 ruler, Sultan Abdul- Aziz-Khan, born February 

 9, 1830; succeeded his brother, June 25, 1857. 

 Heir-apparent, Abdul-Medjid-Khan, nephew of 

 the Sultan. The area and population of the 

 empire are estimated as follows : 



The revenue for the year 1865-'66 was 3,- 

 171.880 " purses," expenditures 3.266,931, de- 

 ficit 95,051. (A " purse" is a little over $24.) 

 Public debt, in 1867, 69,142,270 sterling. 

 The regular army consists of 100,496 men. The 

 number of war-vessels in 1867 was 185 (among 

 which were 18 iron-clads), carrying 2,370 guns. 



Some of the countries subject to Turkey 

 have almost achieved their independence, and 

 only pay an annual tribute. They are I. 

 EGYPT, which has been treated in a separate 

 article. II. ROUMANIA (embracing the two 

 principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia). Ho-- 

 podar, Prince Charles (Prince of Hohenzollern- 

 Sigmaringen), elected by the people, on April 

 20, 1866, recognized by the Turkish Govern- 

 ment. October 24, 1866. President of the 

 ministry hi 1867, Stephen Golesco. Popula- 



