42 



AEMY, UNITED STATES. 



pended in the support of these schools during 

 the year, besides the funds furnished by 

 benevolent societies, amounting to $700,000, 

 and about $360,000 contributed by freedmen. 

 Fifteen normal schools and colleges have been 

 chartered and incorporated in different parts 

 of the country. The total expenditures of the 

 bureau during the fiscal year were $3,977, 041.72, 

 and a balance of $3,622,067.99 remained on 

 hand. 



The corps of cadets on the 1st of June num- 

 bered 210 members, under the care and instruc- 

 tion of a superintendent, eight professors, and 

 thirty-two army officers. Fifty-four members 

 of the class were graduated on the 15th of June, 

 and appointed to the army. The number of can- 

 didates admitted during the last academic year 

 is ninety-six. The whole number of graduates 

 of the Academy, from its first establishment at 

 West Point to this time, is 2,273 ; the total cost 

 has been $8,236,373. The full number allowed 

 by law at one time, when all the States are repre- 

 sented, is 290. It has been suggested of late 

 that the number should be increased to four 

 hundred. 



An artillery school was organized at the 

 close of 1867, by order of the General of the 

 Army, and Brevet Major-General Barry, colo- 

 nel of the 2d artillery, was assigned to its 

 command. It was established at Fortress Mon- 

 roe, and one battery from each of the five regi- 

 ments of artillery was ordered to that post to 

 be used in the instructions and experiments of 

 the first year. The course of instruction in- 

 cludes both the theory and practice of that 

 branch of military tactics. The theoretical 

 studies embrace mathematics, military survey- 

 ing, and engineering, artillery, military history, 

 and military, international, and constitutional 

 law. 



Provision has, moreover, been made for in- 

 struction in military telegraphy and signalling. 

 Books on these subjects have been furnished 

 to each company and post, and steps have been 

 taken to provide the necessary telegraphic ap- 

 paratus and equipments for signalling. A school 

 for study and practice in these branches has 

 been put in successful operation at Fort Grebel, 

 Maryland ; and they have been introduced at 

 the Military School at West Point, and the Na- 

 val Academy at Annapolis. 



Some changes were made in the military 

 districts and departments in the South, owing 

 to the admission to their normal relations in 

 the Union of several of the reconstructed States. 

 The changes are indicated in the following 

 order : 



General Orders, No. 55. 



HEADQ'RS or THE ARMY, ADJ.-GENERAL'S OFFICE, | 

 WASHINGTON, July 28, 1868. f 



The following orders from the "War Department, 

 which have "been approved "by the President, are pub- 

 lished for the information and government ot the 

 army and of all concerned : 



The commanding generals of the Second, Third, 

 Fourth, and Fifth Military Districts having officially 

 reported that the States of Arkansas, North Carolina, 

 South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, and 



Florida, have fully complied with the acts of Congress 

 known as the reconstruction acts, including the act 

 passed June 22, 1868, entitled " An act to admit the 

 State of Arkansas to representation in Congress," 

 and the act passed June 25, 1868, entitled " An act to 

 admit the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, 

 Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida to repre- 

 sentation in Congress," and that, consequently, so 

 much of the act of March 2, 1867, and the acts supple- 

 mentary thereto, as provides for the organization of 

 military districts, subject to the military authority of 

 the United States, as therein provided, has become 

 inoperative in said States ; and that the commanding 

 generals have ceased to exercise in said States the 

 military powers conferred by said acts of Congress : 

 therefore, the following changes will be made m the 

 organization and command of military districts and 

 geographical departments : 



1. The Second and Third Military Districts having 

 ceased to exist, the States of North Carolina, South 

 Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, will con- 

 stitute the Department of the South ; Major-General 

 George G. Meade to command. Headquarters at At- 

 lanta, Georgia. 



2. The Fourth Military District will now consist 

 only of the State of Mississippi, and will continue to 

 be commanded by Brevet Major-General A. C. Gillem. 



3. The Fifth Military District will now consist of 

 the State of Texas, and will be commanded by Brevet 

 Major-General J. J. Eeynolds. Headquarters at Aus- 

 tin, Texas. 



4. The States of Louisiana and Arkansas will con- 

 stitute the Department of Louisiana. Brevet Major- 

 General L. H. Eousseau is assigned to the command. 

 Headquarters at New Orleans, Louisiana. Until the 

 arrival of General Kousseau at New Orleans, Brevet 

 Major-General Buchanan will command the depart- 

 ment. 



5. Brevet Major-General George Crooke is assigned, 

 according to his brevet of major-general, to command 

 the Department of the Columbia, in place of Rous- 

 seau, relieved. 



6. Brevet Major-General E. E. S. Canhy is reas- 

 signed to command the Department of Washington. 



7. Brevet Major-General Edward Hatch, Colonel 

 9th cavalry, will relieve General Buchanan as Assist- 

 ant Commissioner of the Bureau of Eefugees, Freed- 

 men, and Abandoned Lands in Louisiana. 



By command of General GRANT : 

 E. D. TOWNSEND, Assistant Adjutant- General. 



"With regard to the employment of the troops 

 in those States after the r establishment of the 

 civil authorities, instructions were issued to the 

 several commanders on the 25th of August, 

 based upon an opinion, given by the Attorney- 



General" on the subject. The important points 

 in these instructions are contained in the : 



fol- 



lowing passage : " The obligation pf the mili- 

 tary, individual officers and soldiers, in common 

 with all citizens, to obey the summons of a 

 marshal or sheriff, must be held subordinate to 

 their paramount duty as members of a per- 

 manent military body ; hence the troops can 

 act only in their proper organized capacity un- 

 der their own officers, and in obedience to tjie 

 immediate commanders of those officers. The 

 officers commanding troops summoned to the 

 aid of a marshal or sheriff, must also judge for 

 himself, and upon his own official responsibil- 

 ity, whether the service required of him is 

 lawful and necessary, and compatible with the 

 proper discharge of his ordinary military du- 

 ties, and must limit his action absolutely to 

 proper aid in the execution of the lawful pre- 

 cepts exhibited to him by the marshal or 



