62 



BADEN. 



BANKS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



respective territories, except in as far as sani- 

 tary considerations or a state of war may make 

 such prohibition necessary. The citizens of 

 both countries are to enjoy equal rights in 

 nearly all commercial respects, with very few- 

 exceptions. Export duties are to be abolished 

 in all but a few cases especially excepted, and 

 transit duties are to cease altogether. Import 

 duties are not to exceed the excise duties levied 

 on the same article in the respective territories. 

 Each party has the right of establishing con- 

 sulates in the territory of the other in those 

 places in which other countries have consuls. 

 The consuls also of each party are to afford the 

 same protection to the subjects of the other as 

 to their own. The treaty is to remain in force 

 till the end of 1877, and a year's notice is ne- 

 cessary for its termination. 



The delegations of the Ois-Leithan and Trans- 

 Leithan Diets, for the discussion of affairs com- 

 mon to the whole monarchy, met at Pesth in 

 November. The "Red Book" laid before the 

 members clearly showed that the relations of 



Austria to Prussia and Eussia had not been of 

 a friendly nature. Baron Beust, in a dispatch 

 to the Austrian ambassador in London, says 

 that the Austrian Government has never 

 changed its desire to contribute as much as 

 possible to the maintenance of peace, and that 

 it attributed special importance to the main- 

 tenance of a good understanding with Prussia. 

 He thinks that latterly nothing has occurred 

 which might be a special subject of satisfaction 

 to Austria. He does not see that the intention 

 of Prussia, not to follow a policy in the East 

 contrary to that of Austria, is corroborated by 

 facts. When Russia and France contemplated 

 the presentation of their note on the affairs of 

 Crete, Prussia at first hesitated to join, and it 

 was only after England and Austria had de- 

 clared they would abstain from joining in such 

 a step, that Prussia joined in it. Although 

 since that time France had shown signs of a 

 disposition to accept the views of Austria and 

 England in this matter, Prussia has not 

 done so. 



B 



BADEN, a grand-duchy in South Germa- 

 ny. Grand-duke Friedrich, born September 

 9, 1826 ; succeeded his father Leopold, as re- 

 gent, on April 24, 1852 ; assumed the title of 

 Grand-duke, on September 5, 1856. Area, 

 5,912 squaVe miles; populations according to 

 the census of December, 1867, 1,438,872, 

 (1,429,199 in 1864). The ecclesiastical statis- 

 tics of the grand-duchy were reported in 1867 

 as follows (the total showing a slight dif- 

 ference from the total population as stated 

 above) : Roman Catholics, 931,007 ; Protest- 

 ants, 475,918 ; Mennonites, 1,319 ; German 

 Catholics, 385 ; Baptists, 455 ; Greek Cath- 

 olics, 254 ; Christians of other confessions, 22 ; 

 Jews, 25,594 ; persons who were neither 

 Christians nor Jews, 11. The following towns 

 had, in 1867, more than 10,000 inhabitants: 

 Carlsruhe (the capital), 32,004; Freiburg, 20,- 

 792; Pforzheim, 16,417; Mannheim, 34,017; 

 Heidelberg, 18,327; Rastadt, 10,726. In the 

 budget for the two years, 1868 and 1869, the 

 aggregate receipts are estimated at 28,898,998 

 florins; the expenditures at 28,154,319; sur- 

 plus, 744,679. The public debt, on January 1, 

 1868, amounted to 32,285,003 florins. Military 

 service, in virtue of a law of February 12, 

 1868, is obligatory for all. The annual con- 

 tingent is 4,700 men. The duration of service is 

 three years in the active army, four years in the 

 reserve, five years in the landwehr. The whole 

 army, on a peace footing, consists of 14,812, 

 and on a war footing, of 45,397 men. The 

 state ministry was partly reconstructed in 1868, 

 with Dr. Julius Jolly, Minister of the Interior, 

 as president. The new ministry announced, as 

 the chief aim of its policy, the establishment 

 of German unity. (On the relations of 



Baden to the North-German Confederation, 

 and the other South-German States, see GER- 

 MANY.) 



BANKS. There are no State banks in op- 

 eration in the States of Massachusetts, North 

 and South Carolina, Georgia, and a few other 

 States. The following is a recapitulation of 

 banks now in operation under State laws : 



