70 BAVARIA, LUDWIG, KARL A. 



day on which the benefits of the new institutions 

 drew closer and made more cordial the ties which tor 

 centuries have united the prince and the people ot 

 Bavaria. Faithful to the example of my illustrious 

 ancestors, I also will bear aloft the standard of the 

 constitution ; and under its protecting shelter may 

 the prosperity of my beloved country increase and 

 become still more solid, for I find my highest hap- 

 piness in that of my people. Louis. 



On May 20th a treaty was concluded be- 

 tween Bavaria and the United States as to the 

 nationality of emigrants. Its stipulations are 

 similar to those of the American treaty upon 

 the same subject with the North-German Con- 

 federation. (See GERMANY.) 



BAVARIA, LUDWIG, KAKL AUGUST (Louis 

 I.), EX-KING OF, born at Munich, August 25, 

 1786, died at Nice, France, February 29,^ 1868. 

 He was the son of Maximilian Joseph, King of 

 Bavaria, and was educated at the Universities 

 of Landshut and Gottingen, and served in the 

 campaign against Austria, in 1809. He had a 

 remarkable taste for the fine arts, and paid 

 much more attention to painting and sculpture 

 than to the principles of government. He 

 saved as much as possible from his allowance 

 as crown prince, to invest in works of art, and 

 built at his own cost the magnificent Glypto- 

 thek, at Munich. On his accession to the . 

 throne after his father's death, October 13, 

 1^25, he speedily became popular from his lib- 

 eral schemes of government, economic reforms, 

 and his enlightened patronage of letters and 

 art. He opened the first railway in Germany, 

 and promoted the canal which opened water 

 communication between the Main and the Dan- 

 ube. He removed the University of Landshut 

 to Munich, reorganized the Academy of Fine 

 Arts, and erected the Odeon, Basilica, the Royal 

 Palace, the Gate of Victory, and the new Pina- 

 cothek at Munich, and the Walhalla at Ratis- 

 bon. In the sphere of learning he gave great 

 encouragement to the prosecution of historical 

 studies, and attested his taste for poetry, by 

 the publication of two volumes, of his own 

 composition, one entitled "Poems" (1829), the 

 other " Companions of the Walhalla 1 ' (1843). 

 The ultramontane or clerical party, after a 

 time, began to gain the ascendency over him, 

 and the former liberal and constitutional mon- 

 arch became a reactionist. In 1831 the ultra- 

 montanists began to predominate in his coun- 

 cils, and within the next ten years the num- 

 ber of convents was doubled. Behr, Eisen- 

 mann, Volkhardt, and other liberals were ex- 

 iled or imprisoned. In 1846. however, a change 

 was made ; the minister Abel and his successor 

 were both dismissed from office, and the King 

 called a Liberal to fill the place. The peers 

 were, however, mostly reactionists. Serious 

 riots ensued in 1848, and the people now be- 

 gan to clamor for reforms, and for a special con- 

 vocation of the Chambers (the Bavarian Legis- 

 lature). The King refused both requests, and 

 there were strong indications of a revolution. 

 On the 21st of March the King abdicated in 

 favor of his son Maximilian, protesting in his 



BEACH, MOSES Y. 



farewell proclamation that he had sought the 

 welfare of his people before his own, and that 

 his heart still glowed with affection for Bavaria 

 and Germany. The twenty years which have 

 passed since his abdication have been spent 

 by the King in dignified retirement, in the pur- 

 suits of literature and art, and have doubtless 

 been happier than those in which he wore the 

 crown. His contributions from his private in- 

 come to Catholic institutions in the United 

 States exceed 110,000 florins. More than 

 twenty different institutions, chiefly educa- 

 tional, were thus aided by him. 



BEACH, MOSES YALE, an American publish- 

 er and editor, born in "Wallingford, Conn., Jan- 

 uary 7, 1800 ; died in the same town, July 

 19, 1868. In early boyhood he exhibited 

 unusual skill in mechanics, and while attending 

 school, or at home, he was constantly whit- 

 tling out models of machines, or making curi- 

 ous contrivances of wood. When fourteen 

 years of age he was apprenticed to a cabinet- 

 maker in Hartford, and, by diligence in per- 

 forming extra tasks, was able to purchase his 

 freedom in his eighteenth year. After being 

 employed as a journeyman in Northampton, 

 Mass., a short time, he went into business for 

 himself, and it was not long before his cabinet- 

 work was reputed to be the best in the country. 

 Yet his business was unsuccessful, and he re- 

 moved to Springfield, where he neglected other 

 interests, to experiment with a gunpowder en- 

 gine for propelling balloons. Not succeeding 

 with this invention, he next attempted to open 

 steam navigation on the Connecticut River, 

 between Hartford and Springfield, and would 

 have done so, if the state of his affairs had not 

 obliged him to cease operations before his 

 steamer was completed. Others, for adopting 

 his plan, gained much credit, taking a steamer 

 over Enfield Falls, a feat that had been looked 

 on as impossible. Soon afterward Mr. Beach 

 invented a rag-cutting machine, which has 

 been generally used by paper-mills, yet he re- 

 ceived no pecuniary benefit from his machine, 

 because he delayed taking out a patent for it. 

 He next removed to Ulster County, N. Y., 

 where he became interested in an extensive 

 paper-mill, and though amassing a large prop- 

 erty in six years, he lost it all during the 

 seventh. This was the last of his reverses. 

 In 1835 he came with lys family to New York 

 City, where he bought an interest in The Sun 

 newspaper, and in a short time became its sole 

 proprietor. The wealth which he acquired in 

 publishing this paper made him prominent in 

 banking and other financial operations. Presi- 

 dent Polk sent him to Mexico, during the 

 Mexican war, to arrange a treaty of peace. 

 The negotiations, though satisfactory, were 

 broken off by a false report, announcing that 

 Santa Anna had annihilated General Taylor's 

 army. Mr. Beach retired from business in 

 1857, and up to the time of his death resided 

 in his native town, where his liberality and 

 readiness to aid in all movements for the ini- 



