CANTERBURY, CHARLES T. L. 



At the close of December, several members 

 of the Provisional Government were in the 

 hands of the Government. The President had 

 left the island to go to the United States, and 

 there to ask for aid to carry on the insurrec- 

 tion. 



The government and people of Greece did not 

 weary in the manifestation of the liveliest sym- 

 pathy with the Cretan cause. Grecian steam- 

 ers throughout the year continued to make 

 trips between Greece and Crete with cargoes 

 of provisions and munitions of war, and all 

 classes of the population in Greece endeavored 

 to provide for the support of the numerous 

 Cretan refugees living in their midst. The 

 General Assembly of Cretan deputies having 

 voted in favor of the annexation of the island 

 to Greece, the Provisional Government sent 

 some Cretan deputies to sit in the Athens 

 Parliament, and represent their country there. 

 The Cretan deputies received a very ardent 

 welcome from the Greek population, but, as 

 the protest of the Turkish minister against 

 their reception was supported by strong repre- 

 sentations of the ministers of most of the great 

 powers, the Government of Greece did not 

 dare to receive them. In December, the con- 

 tinuing sympathy of Greece with Crete in- 

 duced the Turkish Government to present an 

 ultimatum at Athens, the rejection of which 

 by Greece led to a grave complication. (See 

 GEEEOE; TUEKEY.) 



CANTERBURY, Most Rev. CHAELES 

 THOMAS LONGLEY, D. D., Archbishop of, the 

 Primate and Metropolitan of all England, born 

 at Boley Hill, near Rochester, England, in 

 July, 1794; died at Addington Palace, Surrey, 

 October 28, 1868. He was the fifth of seven- 

 teen children of the late John Longley, Esq., 

 Recorder of Rochester, a man of great literary 

 ability,' and a successful and elegant writer, and 

 received his early education, first at a private 

 school at Cheam, and afterward at Westmin- 

 ster School, from which he was entered at 

 Christ Church College, Oxford, where he was 

 the most popular man of his time, and gained 

 a first class in classics on taking his first de- 

 gree in 1815. After receiving this degree, he 

 continued his connection with the University, 

 where he became successively tutor and censor 

 of his college, public examiner and proctor; 

 and was first curate and afterward vicar of 

 the adjacent village of Cowley. He was Rec- 

 tor of West Tytherly, from 1827 to 1829, and 

 in the latter year was elected head master of 

 Harrow School. He continued to fulfil the 

 duties of this position till 1839, when he was 

 appointed Bishop of the newly-created See of 

 Ripon. On the resignation of Dr. Maltby, in 

 1856, he was translated to Durham; on the 

 death of Archbishop Musgrave, in 1860, to 

 York, and on the death of Archbishop Sumner, 

 in 1862, to Canterbury. As the chief Anglican 

 bishop he convoked, in 1867, the so-called Pan- 

 Anglican Synod, a meeting of all the bishops 

 of the Church of England, and the churches in 



CARDIGAN, JAMES T. B. 



91 



communion with her, presided over the sittings 

 of the Synod, and transmitted, in its name, a 

 copy of its proceedings to all the bishops of the 

 Greek Church. Dr. Longley was visitor of 

 All Souls and Merton Colleges, Oxford, King's 

 College, London, Dulwich College, and St. Au- 

 gustine's College, Canterbury, and of Harvard 

 School in connection with the Bishop of Lon- 

 don. He was also President of the Society for 

 the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, and of 

 the National Society, a principal trustee of the 

 British Museum, and a governor of the Charter- 

 house. The annual value of the see is 15,000 

 (=$75,000 in gold), and the archbishop has the 

 patronage of 177 livings. By virtue of his posi- 

 tion, the archbishop took rank next to peers of 

 the blood royal, above the Lord Chancellor, 

 and the sovereign and royal family were re- 

 garded as his parishioners, wherever the court 

 might be. It was his duty, on the accession 

 of a new monarch to the throne of Great Brit- 

 ain, to perform the act of coronation. Arch- 

 bishop Longley was remarkable for his hu- 

 mility and gentleness of character, his free- 

 dom from all rancor and party spirit, and was 

 much beloved by his clergy. He was a mod- 

 erate High Churchman, and endeavored zeal- 

 ously to restore the self-government of the 

 Church in matters purely ecclesiastical, and 

 to strengthen its connection with other Angli- 

 can, and some of the Eastern Churches, but 

 opposed with great earnestness the Ritualistic 

 movement. 



CARDIGAN, Lieutenant - General JAMES 

 THOMAS BETJDENELL, seventh Earl of, K. C. B., 

 an English nobleman and army-officer, born 

 at Hambledon, Hants, October 16, 1797; died 

 at Dune Park, Northamptonshire, from inju- 

 ries received in a fall from his horse, March 28, 

 1868. He was educated at Christ Church, Ox- 

 ford, and was a member of Parliament from 

 1818 till his succession to the earldom, in 1837, 

 first for Marlborough, then for Fowey, in Corn- 

 wall, and from 1832 to 1837 for the northern 

 division of Northamptonshire. He entered the 

 army in 1824, by the purchase of a cornetcy in 

 the 8th Hussars, but was court-martialed, cen- 

 sured, and placed on half-pay for his treatment 

 of a brother-officer. His family interest and 

 his resolute will sufficed, however, to insure 

 his promotion, in 1832, to the lieutenant- 

 colonelcy (which, in the British army, makes 

 the officer the actual commander of the regi- 

 ment) of the 15th Hussars. Here he was the 

 most unpopular of officers; overbearing, im- 

 perious, and quarrelsome with the officers, 

 brutal in his treatment of his men, a martinet 

 in discipline, and unscrupulous and dissolute 

 in his treatment of women, he was constantly 

 involved in difficulties with his regiment ; held 

 one hundred and five court-martials in two 

 years, and, though the regiment numbered but 

 three hundred and fifty in actual strength, 

 made more than seven hundred arrests in that 

 time. In 1834 he quitted the 15th Hussars in 

 consequence of a personal quarrel, but in 1836, 



