98 



CENTRAL AMERICA. 



85. The revenue, in 1865, amounted to $632,- 

 471; the expenditures to $630,120; public 

 debt, to about $4,000,000. 



In March, the Legislature of Nicaragua rati- 

 fied a "treaty of friendship, commerce, and 

 navigation " with the United States, which had 

 previously been sanctioned by the Senate of 

 the United States : 



ABTICLE 1 declares that there shall be perpetual 

 amity between the two nations. 



ABT. 2 declares there shall be reciprocal freedom 

 for the citizens and subjects of both nations to come 

 and go, remain, reside ; for their ships to enter all 

 ports ; to occupy homes and warehouses, and enjoy 

 the most complete protection and security ; also for 

 their ships of war. Such liberty to be subject to the 

 laws of the country in which it is exercised. The 

 coasting trade of each country is reserved to its own 

 citizens or subjects. 



ART. 3 puts both nations on the footing of the 

 most favored nation. 



ABT. 4 forbids other and higher duties on imports. 



ABT. 5 forbids other and higher duties on account 

 of tonnage, lights, etc. 



ABT. <5 makes the duties on United States imports 

 the same, whether made in American or Nicaraguan 

 bottoms, and vice versa. 



ABT. 7. Shipmasters and others to manage their 

 own affairs or employ a broker, factor, agent, or in- 

 terpreter as they please. Absolute freedom also for 

 buyer and seller. The citizens of both nations to 

 have free access to the courts and enjoy in e very- 

 matter the same rights and privileges as native citi- 

 zens. 



ABT. 8 gives the citizens and subjects of both the 

 right to hold and inherit real estate within the States 

 of the American Union or the republic of Nicaragua, 

 in which foreigners shall be entitled to hold or in- 

 herit. But in case real estate situated within the 

 territories of one of the contracting parties should 

 fall to a citizen of the other party, who could not on 

 account of his being an alien be permitted to hold such 

 property in the State in which it may be situated 

 there shall be accorded to him such time as the laws 

 permit for him to sell it and withdraw and export the 

 proceeds thereof, without paying to the government 

 other charges than would be paid by the inhabitant. 

 In case of intestates, the minister of the country to 

 which the deceased belonged shall take charge of his 

 effects for the benefit of his lawful heirs and credit- 

 ors. 



ABT. 9, station 1, permits citizens of both parties 

 to intermarry with natives of the other party, hold 

 and possess, by purchase, marriage, or descent, any es- 

 tate, real or personal, without thereby changing their 

 national character, subject, however, to the laws 

 which may exist or which may be 1 enacted in this 

 respect. 



Section 2 exempts citizens of both countries from 

 forced loans and military service by the other, but 

 obliges them to pay the same lawful taxes as the na- 

 tives of the country they may reside in. 



Sec. 3 provides for full compensation, paid in ad- 

 vance, for all property taken for a public object. 



See. 4. Citizens of both countries to travel as thev 

 geM to every part of the country of the other 



ABT. 10 contemplates the appointment of consuls 

 tmn Vi! 5 1 Case of interruption of friendly rela- 

 other party who ma/be re- 



ung on tne coast shall have six months to close up 

 their business and leave and, if residing in the in? 



whoi? elv * m nths 'i & case of rupture. citizen 3 

 wno are in settled emnlnvmonf a i,.,n v,,, *l -.^ 



settled employmenl 



^S&f T* trade 80 lon S as 

 aay. Debts between individuals, property in 



Sevll hf^ P fl ame fV nd 8 > are8 of companies, shall 

 never be confiscated, nor detained, nor sequestered 



ABT. 12 gives civil and religious liberty, provided 

 such citizens respect the religion, laws, and constitu- 

 tion of the country in which they may be residing, 

 and provides for the burial of the dead. 



ABT. 13 provides for aid or comfort to vessels-of- 

 war, driven by stress of weather or chased by pirates 

 or national enemies into the ports, bays, and harbors, 

 of the other party's country. 



ABT. 14 grants the right of transit between the 

 Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The republic of Nicara- 

 gua reserves the right of sovereignty over the route. 



ABT. 15. The United States to extend their protec- 

 tion and guarantee the neutrality and innocent use 

 of the same and to use their influence to induce other 

 nations to join in the guarantee of neutrality. The 

 republic of Nicaragua to establish a free port at each 

 end of the route, which United States vessels can 

 frequent free from tonnage dues. The United States, 

 on giving notice, to have liberty to convey troops 

 across the route, provided these troops are not to 

 be used against any Central American nation friendly 

 to Nicaragua. The United States Postmaster-General 

 to be at liberty to transport the mails across the route. 



ABT. 16. The republic of Nicaragua agrees to em- 

 ploy military force for the protection of persons and 

 propertv passing over any of the routes, but, upon 

 failure from any cause, the United States may, with 

 the consent or at the request of the republic of Nica- 

 ragua, employ force for this and no other purpose. 

 In exceptional cases of unforeseen or imminent danger 

 the United States forces may act without such con- 

 Bent previously obtained such exercise of force to 

 be subject to the laws of the United States Congress. 

 ^ ABT. 17. The United States protection is condi- 

 tional on the good faith of the company controlling 

 the route, but protection is not to be withdrawn with- 

 out six months' notice. 



ABT. 18 makes article 14 inoperative if there is now 

 in existence any valid concession by the Nicaraguan 

 Government having reference to the interoceanic 

 route, and the protection of the United States stipu- 

 lated under article 15 is reserved until the owners of 

 such concession recognize the concession made in 

 this treaty to the Government and citizens of the 

 United States. 



ABT. 19. After ten years from the completion of a 

 railroad or any other route of communication from 

 the Atlantic to the Pacific, the company in possession 

 shall not directly or indirectly divide by the issue of 

 stock more than fifteen per cent, per annum. When- 

 ever the rates produce a greater revenue, they shall be 

 reduced. 



ABT. 20. The treaty to last fifteen years, and ter- 

 minate by twelve months' notice on either side at or 

 after that time. 



_ ABT. 21. The treaty to be ratified and the ratifica- 

 tion exchanged within one year, or sooner if possible, 

 at the city of Nicaragua. 



5. COSTA EIOA. The President of the re- 

 public for the term of 1866 to 1869, Dr. Jose" 

 Maria Castro, was overthrown by a revolution 

 in October, 1868, and Jesus Jimenez declared 

 Provisional President. Area, 21,495 square 

 miles. The population, in 1844, amounted to 

 79,982 ; in 1864, to 135,000, of whom 12,000 

 were independent Indians. The capital, -San 

 Jose, has about 30,000 inhabitants. Kevenue, 

 about $1,000,000. There is no public debt. 



The standing army consists of 1,000 men ; 

 the militia of 5,000. The imports, in 1866, 

 amounted to $2,000,000, and the exports to 

 $1,938,900. The movement of shipping of the 

 port of Punta Arenas, which, until 1867, was 

 the only one open to commerce, was as fol- 

 lows : Arrivals, 71 vessels (18 English, 6 Ger- 

 man, 4 French, etc.), of about 72,000 tons ; 



