CHILI. 



]09 



the practice of vaccination. In 1822, as indeed 

 for some years previous, Dr. Childs had advo- 

 cated in the Berkshire Medical Society the es- 

 tablishment of a medical school in Pittsfield, for 

 the benefit of the large number of young men 

 in Western Massachusetts and the adjacent 

 States who desired convenient facilities for ob- 

 taining a medical education. He succeeded in 

 1822 in raising a committee of the Medical So- 

 ciety, of which he was chairman, to petition 

 and make efforts for the incorporation of such a 

 school by the Legislature, and after consider- 

 able opposition obtained a charter. In Sep- 

 tember, 1823, the medical school was organ- 

 ized under the title of Berkshire Medical In- 

 stitute, and Dr. Ohilds became professor of 

 the theory and practice of medicine. He gave 

 himself zealously to the work of obtaining an 

 endowment, erecting buildings, and procuring 

 a cabinet and library for the young institution. 

 In 1837 it was detached from Williams College, 

 to which it had hitherto been subject, in the 

 matter of conferring degrees, and Dr. Childs 

 was elected president of the college, as it was 

 thenceforward named. He administered its 

 affairs and retained his professorship until 1863, 

 having been connected with it for forty-one 

 years. He was elected Professor Emeritus, 

 on resigning his active duties. The annual 

 number of students, while it was under his 

 charge, exceeded one hundred. During all this 

 time he had a large medical practice, and for 

 many years was a member of the faculty of 

 the medical colleges at Woodstock, Vermont, 

 and Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, where he 

 annually gave courses of lectures. He was a 

 Jeffersonian Democrat through life, and as such 

 represented Pittsfield in the Legislatures of 1816 

 and 1827, Berkshire County in the Constitu- 

 tional Convention of 1820, and was elected 

 Lieutenant-Governor in 1843. His whole life 

 was characterized by benevolence, kindliness, 

 and the most unflinching integrity. 



CHILI, a republic in South America. Presi- 

 dent, for the term from 1866 to 1871, Jose* 

 Joaquin Perez. Minister of the United States 

 in Chili, Judson Kilpatrick (since November 

 11, 1865). In the budget for 1866, the revenue 

 amounted to 9,205,627 piastres ; expenditures 

 to 9,075,936 ; the budget for 1867 fixes the rev- 

 enue at 9,756,838, expenditures at 10,814,000; 

 the budget for 1868, the expenditures at 10,- 

 906,986. 



The home debt at the close of 1867 amount- 

 ed to 16,415,673 piastres ; and the foreign debt 

 to 21,415,000 piastres : total debt, 37,830,673 

 piastres. The army is composed of a corps 

 of volunteers (3,700 in 1868), and of the na- 

 tional guards, the number of whom, accord- 

 ing to an official document, amounted, at 

 the close of 1865, to 35,600 men. The fleet 

 consisted in May, 1867, of fourteen screw 

 steamers, with one hundred and twenty can- 

 nons. Four river steamers which in 1867 were 

 bought in the United States, and sent to Val- 

 paraiso, with the object of converting them 



into ships-of-war, although thoroughly over- 

 hauled and repaired on their arrival, were dis- 

 covered to be almost utterly worthless in their 

 new capacity, and, after having laid idle for 

 more than a year, were sold at a very great 

 decrease on the original purchase money, the 

 sale causing to the Government a loss of $133,- 

 000. 



A new census of Chili was taken in April, 

 1866, according to which the area of Chili is 

 132,624 square miles ; the population (inclusive 

 of Araucania, Patagonia, and Terra del Fuego) 

 is 2,084,945 ; the foreigners resident in the 

 country numbered 23,220 (among whom were 

 3,876 Germans, 3, 092 Englishmen, 2,483 French- 

 men) ; 832 of the inhabitants are from one 

 hundred to one hundred and forty years of 

 age, and 9,635 are physically or mentally help- 

 less. 



The commerce of Chili during the years 1861 

 to 1866 was as follows: 



Imports. Exports. 



1866 $18,760,000 $26,680,000 



1865 21,240,000 24,900,000 



1861-' 65, annual average 18,900,000 21,690,000 



The number of vessels entering the Chilian 

 ports in 1866 was 3,094, making, together, 

 1,417,000 tons. 



The merchant navy in 1865 numbered 257 

 vessels, together of 67,090 tons. 



The national banks, in 1868, asked permission 

 to issue notes to the full extent of their privi- 

 leges, and obtained authority to do so as fol- 

 lows: National Bank of Chili, 3, 300, 000 piastres; 

 Valparaiso Bank, 600,000 ; A. Edwards & Co., 

 600,000; McClure&Co., 600,000; Ossa & Co., 

 240,000. 



To promote immigration, the Chilian Govern- 

 ment entered into a contract with Godeffroy 

 & Son, of Hamburg, for the introduction of 

 Swiss and German colonists. The immigrants 

 will have to be provided with good characters, 

 vised by the Chilian consul at Hamburg, 

 and on their arrival out they will be sent 

 on to Arauco by the Government and placed 

 in possession of their land according to the 

 terms of the law. The colonists will be fur- 

 nished with 'tween-deck passages, and they will 

 be allowed one ton of measurement for every 

 adult, and one half ton for each person under 

 twelve years, and they are to be treated on 

 board in conformity with the Hamburg Pas- 

 senger Act. The Government agrees to pay 

 $40 for the passage of each adult, and $20 for 

 each child under twelve years of age. The 

 contract is to last four years, and. if the scheme 

 should meet with favor in Germany, the Gov- 

 ernment agree to contract for one hundred 

 families for the first year, one hundred and fifty 

 for the second, two hundred for the third, and 

 three hundred for the fourth ; with liberty to 

 Godeffroy & Son to exceed this number to the 

 extent of twenty-five per cent. 



Early in the year, arrangements were entered 

 into between the representative of Chili in 

 London and Lord Stanley, in order to facilitate 



