114 



CHINA. 



for a citizen of the United States or a Chinese subject 

 to take Chinese subjects either to the United btates 

 or to any other foreign country, or for a Chinese sub- 

 ject or a citizen of the United States to take citizens 

 of the United States to China or to any other foreign 

 country, without their free and voluntary consent re- 



6 Citizens of the United States visiting or 

 residing in China shall enjoy the same privileges, 

 immunfties, or exemptions, in respect to travel or resi- 

 dence, as may there be enjoyed by the citizens or sub- 

 jects of the most favored nation, and, reciprocally, 

 Chinese subjects visiting or residing in the United 

 States shall' enjoy the same privileges, immunities, 

 and exemptions, in respect to travel or residence, as 

 may there be enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of 

 the most favored nation; but nothing < herein con- 

 tained shall be held to confer naturalization upon the 

 citizens of the United States in China, nor upon the 

 subjects of China in the United States. 



ART 7. Citizens of the United States shall enjoy 

 all the privileges of the public educational institu- 

 tions under the control of the government of China, 

 and reciprocally Chinese subjects shall enjoy all the 

 privileges of the public educational institutions under 

 the control of the Government of the United States, 

 which are enjoyed in the respective countries by the 

 citizens or subjects of the most favored nations. The 

 citizens of the United States may freely establish and 

 maintain schools within the empire of China at 

 those places where foreigners are by treaty permitted 

 to reside, and reciprocally Chinese subjects may en- 

 joy the same privileges and immunities in the United 

 States. 



ART. 8. The United States, always disclaiming and 

 discouraging all practices of unnecessary ^ dictation 

 and intervention by one nation in the affairs or do- 

 mestic administration of another, do hereby freely 

 disclaim any intention or right to intervene in the 

 domestic administration of China in regard to the 

 construction of railroads, telegraphs, or other mate- 

 rial internal improvements. On the other hand, his 

 Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the 

 right to decide the time and manner and circum- 

 stances of introducing such improvements within hia 

 dominions. With this mutual understanding, it is 

 agreed by the contracting parties that, if at any time 

 hereafter his Imperial Majesty shall determine to 

 construct or cause to be constructed works of the 

 character mentioned, within the empire, and shall 

 make application to the United States or any other 

 Western Power for facilities to carry out that policy, 

 the United States will, in that case, designate and 

 authorise suitable engineers to be employed by the 

 Chinese Government, and will recommend to other 

 nations an equal compliance with such application, 

 the Chinese Government in that case projecting such 

 engineers hi their persons and property^, and paying 

 them a reasonable compensation for their service. 



In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries 

 have signed this treaty and nereunto affixed the seals 

 of their arms. 



Done at Washington the fourth day of July, in the 

 year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred 

 and sixty-eight. 



WILLIAM H. SEWAKD, 

 ANSON BURLINGAME, 

 CHIH-KANG, 

 SUN CHIA-KU. 



The new treaty was received in the United 

 States with general satisfaction, and Mr. Bur- 

 lingame and his embassy were the recipients 

 of great ovations. The English press, on the 

 other hand, expressed the greatest dissatisfac- 

 tion with the new treaty, which was repre- 

 sented as a victory of American over English 

 diplomacy, and as altogether made in the in- 

 terest of Americans. When Mr. Burlingame 



arrived in England, he was at first received 

 with studied coldness; but he succeeded in 

 bringing about an understanding with the Eng- 

 lish statesmen, and in finally concluding a 

 treaty, similar to the one with the United 

 States. As the result of the agreement with 

 China, the London Times remarks, that England 

 now openly and formally recognizes the author- 

 ity and obligations of the Supreme Government 

 of the Chinese empire. England has even 

 insisted on this recognition, and required that 

 it should be mutual. A British minister is 

 now actually resident at the court of Pekin, 

 charged with the protection of British interests 

 in China. If these interests are attacked or 

 imperilled, it is the duty of the minister to re- 

 monstrate, and of the Chinese Government to 

 attend to his representation. If, however, 

 British representatives in various parts of China 

 could do no more in any exigency than trans- 

 mit a complaint to Pekin, much mischief might 

 be done before the court of Pekin could inter- 

 fere. Reservation is made, therefore, for cases 

 of actual danger to life and property. But on 

 occasions where there is no expectation of vio- 

 lence, and merely a conflict of claims or dis- 

 pute about rights, then the British consul 

 shall, instead of summoning the captain of the 

 nearest gunboat, put himself directly in com- 

 munication with his superior at Pekin. That 

 minister would succeed in obtaining the^de- 

 sired consideration or redress, failing which, 

 the Home Government might be consulted as to 

 ulterior considerations, and might transmit its 

 decision. At the close of the year, Mr. Bur- 

 lingame left England for France; where the 

 entire press received him with favorable com- 

 ments upon the objects of his mission. 



The United States steamer Shenandoah visit- 

 ed the coast of Corea, but could obtain' no satis- 

 factory information of the men on board the 

 steamer General Sherman, which was wrecked 

 there in 1867. The Shenandoah returned to 

 Chefoo, on May 19, 1868, and reported, that, 

 after spending four days in sounding among 

 the islands which lay off Corea, the vessel an- 

 chored inside the river Ping-yang. From this 

 point surveys were continued till the 21st of 

 April, when a point about 25 miles from the 

 mouth, where the natives have established a 

 military station, was arrived at. This was the 

 farthest point reached. The river is upward 

 of a mile wide, and from six to eight fathoms 

 deep. The boat in which the Shenandoah's 

 officers were taking soundings was here fired 

 upon, and, as Captain Febiger's instructions 

 did not warrant the use of force, farther prog : 

 ress was abandoned. From all that could be 

 learned, it was believed that none of the ill- 

 fated party on board the General Sherman sur- 

 vived. The natives in their statements varied 

 so much, that they betrayed a wish to conceal 

 the real facts of the case, but they fully agreed 

 in stating that all who were on board perished. 



A proclamation was issued in May, notifying 

 the disarmament of all Chinese fishing-junks 



