CRANWORTH, ROBERT M. R. 



CRAWFORD, JOHN". 



207 



The consumption of cotton by American 

 mills for a series of years is indicated by the 

 following summary : 



We give below an estimate of the amount 

 of cotton taken for home use (including burnt, 

 etc.) in the country, not included in the re- 

 ceipts at the ports. Thus 



The prices of middlings Cotton for five years, the first 

 week in each month. 



CRANWORTH, ROBERT MONSET ROLFE, 

 Lord, LL. D., an English jurist, twice Lord 

 High Chancellor of England, born in Cran- 

 worth, Norfolk, England, December 18, 1790 ; 

 died in London, July 24, 1868. He was the 

 son of Rev. Edmund Rolfe, and grandson of 

 Rev. Robert Rolfe, both Norfolk clergymen. 

 His father was a cousin of Lord Nelson. He 

 was educated at Winchester, and Trinity Col- 

 lege, Cambridge, and took a moderately high 

 stand in classics. Being elected to a fellow- 

 ship in Downing College soon after taking his 

 first degree, he was called to the bar at Lin- 

 coln's Inn in 1816. He chose the equity side 

 of the courts of Westminster, and rose stead- 



* Included in the consumption at the North. 



ily, though not rapidly in reputation, till he had 

 acquired a large practice and the name of being 

 one of the best equity lawyers in the Chancery 

 Courts. He was not elected to Parliament till 

 1832, when he took his seat for Penrhyn in 

 the moderate Liberal interest. He continued 

 in Parliament for that borough till 1837, being 

 also Solicitor-General in Lord Melbourne's two 

 administrations. He was made baron in the 

 Court of Exchequer in 1839, and, though 

 brought up at the Equity Bar, gave the great- 

 est satisfaction as an honest, painstaking, up- 

 right, conscientious, common-law judge. In 

 1850 he was made Vice-Chancellor, and a year 

 later one of the Lords Justices of Appeal in 

 Chancery. He exhibited the remarkable ver- 

 satility of his mind in the readiness with which 

 he reverted to his equity training after twelve 

 years' service as a judge in the common-law 

 courts. On the formation of Lord Aberdeen's 

 coalition Cabinet in December, 1852, he be- 

 came Lord High Chancellor, and retained the 

 position under Lord Palmerston's administra- 

 tion. He occupied the woolsack again in 

 1865-'66 from Lord Westbury's resignation 

 until the return of the Tory party to power 

 under Lord Derby, when he retired finally from 

 public life. 



CRAWFORD, JOHN, F.R.S., F.R.G.S., a 

 British Oriental scholar, geographer, and 

 ethnologist, born in Edinburgh, in 1783 ; died 

 in London, May 11, 1868. He was educated 

 in the University of Edinburgh, studied medi- 

 cine under the great physicians of that day, 

 and at the age of twenty years sailed for In- 

 dia, and devoted himself to the acquisition of 

 the Oriental languages. His attainments com- 

 mended him to Lord Minto, the Governor- 

 General of India, and, when his lordship set 

 out on his expedition for the conquest of 

 Java, he took the young physician with 

 him, and appointed him successively to fill 

 diplomatic offices, both with relation to the 

 Dutch and the native princes. The knowl- 

 edge acquired in this diplomatic career was 

 subsequently embodied in his elaborate " His- 

 tory of the Indian Archipelago," published in 

 1820. He was subsequently appointed Brit- 

 ish commissioner at Singapore, and British 

 envoy to Siam, Burmah, Pegu, and Cochin 

 China. Of his residence at these courts he 

 subsequently gave an account in some pleasant 

 volumes, and, as a contribution of great value 

 to philology and ethnology, he prepared an 

 excellent grammar and dictionary of the Malay 

 language, and a descriptive dictionary of Ma- 

 layan dialects, and the languages of the Phil- 

 ippine Archipelago. After a long career as a 

 diplomatist in the East, he retired on a liberal 

 pension from the Indian Government, fifteen 

 or twenty years since, and, taking up his resi- 

 dence in London, was active until the close of 

 his life in the prosecution of geographical, 

 ethnographical, and philological studies. He 

 was constant in his attendance upon the scien- 

 tific societies, and, though generally courteous 



