DANA, SAMUEL L. 



DELAWARE. 



211 



sons and relations, to examine the position of the 

 South-German States toward Prussia and the North- 

 ern Confederation, and to communicate to our con- 

 stituents the results of this examination. We have, 

 however, again recognized that entrance into the 

 North-German Confederation would promote neither 

 the union of the collective nation, nor the consti- 

 tutional liberty, nor the special interests of South- 

 Germany, but that, on the contrary, in view of the 

 North-German Constitution, the further preservation 

 of the independence of the South-German States is in- 

 all respects advisable. 



The overwhelming furtherance of military objects, 

 especially in the Northern Confederation, restricts 

 the promotion of moral and material interests, and, 

 without financially relieving the Prussian people, 

 leads to increased burdens upon its allies. As the 

 necessary consequence of Prussia's traditional policy, 

 this increase will be permanent. 



By nearly all parties north of the Main line the sub- 

 jection of the South-German States is looked upon 

 simply as a question of time, and. as an object of the 

 mission of Prussia. That the ultimate absorption of 

 the South in the Prussian union would be the conse- 

 quence, is apparent to all who do not allow them- 

 selves to be deceived by the appearance of political 

 forms of transition. The preponderance of the pre- 

 siding power, increased by the annexations, affords 

 no space for the justifiable maintenance of the smaller 

 Federal States. In view of these circumstances, it is 



essential to harmonize the active preservation of the 

 independence of the South-German States with the 

 sincere fulfilment of the national duties. 



We only see the way to this twofold object in a 

 decidedly liberal policy and in the firm association 

 of the South-German States. We have gained the 

 conviction that it is urgently requisite for these states, 

 governments, and people, to emerge from drifting 

 isolation, and to agree upon common action, espe- 

 cially as regards^the military protection of the South, 

 to make their influence felt by unanimous action 

 within the sphere of the Zollverein, and to adopt a 

 fertile initiative in institutions useful to the commu- 

 nity. Existing treaties justify the pursuance of this 

 course. 



The union of the South Germans in common ac- 

 tion offers no hostile opposition to any other part of 

 the German nation. It will, on the contrary, operate 

 conciliatory between the great powers, will conduce 

 to European peace and material interests, and render 

 possible to the South-German States the energetic 

 fulfilment of their treaty duties toward North Ger- 

 many without exposing them to the danger of ab- 

 sorption in Prussia. Although, therefore, we may 

 not recognize, in the close connection of the South- 

 German States with each other, the ultimate satisfac- 

 tion of material requirements, it yet appears at pres- 

 ent the only path leading us, while avoiding seriously 

 threatening dangers, to the final object of a free and 

 united Germany. 



DANA, SAMUEL LUTKEB, M. D., LL. D., 

 A. A. S., an American chemist, born in Am- 

 herst, K. H., July 11, 1795 ; died in Lowell, 

 Mass., March 11, 1868. He was fitted for col- 

 lege at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and 

 graduated from Harvard College in 1813. He 

 was desirous of becoming a military engineer, 

 and applied immediately after his graduation 

 for an appointment to "West Point, that he 

 might prosecute engineering studies there ; but, 

 instead of obtaining his request, he was com- 

 missioned a lieutenant in the First Regiment TJ. 

 S. Artillery, and served in New York and Vir- 

 ginia, till the close of the war. Soon after the 

 peace, he resigned his commission, commenced 

 the study of medicine, and received his medical 

 diploma in 1818. From 1819 to 1826 he was 

 a practising physician in Waltham, Mass., and 

 was there brought into intimate relations with 

 the early cotton manufacturers of the State, 

 and having a strong predilection for physical 

 science, in several departments of which he had 

 already made considerable attainments, he was 

 led to give his attention to practical chemistry, 

 in connection with the manufacture and print- 

 ing of cotton goods. He established on his 

 own account at Waltham, about the year 1826, 

 a chemical laboratory for the manufacture of 

 sulphuric acid and bleaching-salts. This was 

 subsequently merged in the Newton Chemical 

 Company, of which he was chemist until 1834. 

 In 1833, he visited England and spent some 

 months there in chemical investigations. On 

 his return he removed to Lowell, and became 

 the chemist of the Merrimack Manufacturing 

 Company, which position he held until his 



death. His investigations on the subject of 

 bleaching cotton, which led to what is known 

 in the arts as the " American method of bleach- 

 ing," attracted great attention in Europe. They 

 were first published abroad in the Bulletin of 

 the Industrial Society of Hulhausen, and the 

 eminent chemist Persoz said of his process, 

 that "it realized the perfection of chemical 

 operations." He also made many important 

 improvements in the printing of cottons, and 

 the chemical processes involved in that wor^, 

 which have given to the Merrimack prints the 

 highest reputation of any printed goods in the 

 country. He devoted much time to investiga- 

 tions in regard to the injurious influence of 

 lead pipes for water for drinking and culinary 

 purposes, and, besides an essay on the subject, 

 translated and edited, with large additions, 

 Tanquerel's " Treatise on Lead Diseases." He 

 had also given much attention to Agricultural 

 chemistry, and his "Farmers' Muck Manual," 

 published in 1842, and his "Essay on Ma- 

 nures," issued in 1843, are still standard works 

 on these subjects. Aside from these works, he 

 had published as early as 1833 an exposition 

 of the "Chemical Changes occurring in the 

 Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid ; " several pa- 

 pers in the North American Review and the 

 American Journal of Science, and in 1818, in 

 conjunction with his brother, James Freeman 

 Dana, the " Mineralogy and Geology of Boston 

 and its Vicinity." For fifteen years of the 

 thirty-four in which he was employed in Low- 

 ell, he resided on his farm at Tyngsborough. 



DELAWARE. ^ This State financially is in 

 a prosperous condition. The settled policy of 



