250 



FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The total area of Europe is about 3,786,000 

 square miles, and tlie total population about 

 293,500,000. The number of the population 

 connected with the Roman Catholic Church 

 is 142,117,000; of the Protestant population, 

 68,028,000; of the population of the Eastern 

 Churches, 69,782,000.* 



The progress of statistical science in all 

 countries of Europe supplies us with valuable 

 comparative statistics, showing the relative 

 position of the several countries in point of 

 progress, prosperity, and morality. Special 

 attention is devoted to the statistics illustrat- 

 ing the movement of population. From recent 

 publications on this subject, we learn that in 

 France the marriages, which had declined from 

 305,203 in 1861 to 298,838 in 1865, rose in 1866 

 to 301,390 ; but the births, which numbered 

 994,288 in 1866, were 12,465 less than the num- 

 ber in 1865. To 100,000 of the population in 

 France in 1866, there were 1,584 persons mar- 

 ried, while the proportional number in Eng- 

 land was 1,770 ; and to 100,000 of population 

 in either country, the number of births was 

 2,612 in France, and 3,554 in England. Tak- 

 ing the interval between the mean age of the 

 mothers at marriage and their mean age at the 

 birth of their children at six years, then the 

 number of legitimate births to a marriage in 



1866 was 3.1 in France, and 4.2 in England. 

 The death-rate in France in 1866 was 23.26 per 

 1,000 of population; that of England being 

 23.61. The population of the kingdom of Italy 

 in 1866, exclusive of Yenetia, was 22,703,135 ; 

 the death and birth rates respectively were 28.96 

 and 38.62 per 1,000 of population. Spain, with 

 an estimated population in 1866 of 16,516,949, 

 returned a death-rate 01 28.05 per 1,000, and a 

 birth-rate of 37.03 per 1,000. The results for 

 the Austrian empire, exclusive of the states of 

 Italy, show a population in 1866 of 37,929,918 ; 

 the respective death and birth rates were 32.32 

 and 40.34 per 1,000 persons living ; the mar- 

 riage-rate was low, 14.58 persons married to 

 1,000 of population ; but it will be remembered 

 that 1866 was the year when disaster befell the 

 arms of that empire. Thus, the returns of 

 Austria show a birth-rate much higher than 

 the English rate, and conspicuously higher 

 than the French rate. The birth-rates of Italy 

 and Spain are both higher than the English 

 rate, and show a superiority only too striking 

 over that of France. The death-rate of Aus- 

 tria is considerably higher than the rates of 

 England and France, and the death-rates of 

 Spain, as well as of the Italian kingdom, con- 

 trast unfavorably with those of England and 

 France. 



FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 

 No change was made in the general system of 

 finance of the Federal Government during 

 1868. The results were in some respects more 1 

 favorable to the Treasury; but the greatest 

 improvement was made in the circumstances 

 of the people by the progress of recovery from 

 the destructive effects of war. 



A statement of the receipts and expendi- 

 tures of the Government for the first quarter 

 of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, and 

 an estimate of the same for the remaining 

 three-quarters of the year were made by the 

 Secretary of the Treasury in his annual report 

 of December, 1867. The actual receipts of the 

 first quarter of the fiscal year above-mentioned 

 were as follows : 



Eeceipts from customs ..... 



" Lands ................. 



" Direct tax ............. 



1 Internal revenue ....... 



" Miscellaneous sources. 



Expendit' s for civil service.. 

 lf Pensions and Indians . 

 " War Department ...... 



" Navy Department ..... 



' Int. on public debt ..... 



$48,081,907 61 



287,460 07 



647,070 83 



53,784,027 49 



18,361,462 62 



$121,161,928 62 



$13,152,348 08 



10,484,476 11 



30,537,056 35 



5,579,704 67 



38,515,640 47 



Loans paid 

 Receipts from Loans 



$200,176,368 34 

 135,103,282 00 



$98,269,226 18 



Reduction of Loans ................... $65,073,086 34 



* Tables of the Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern 

 Churches in every country of Europe, corrected up to 

 January, 1869, are given in Schem's American Ecclesi- 

 astical and Educational Almanac. (New York, 1869.) 



The estimated receipts and expenditures for 

 the remaining three-quarters of the same year 

 were as follows : I 



ESTIMATED. 



Receipts from Customs $115,300,000 00 



" Lands 700,00000 



Internal revenue 155,000,000 00 



Miscellaneous sources 25,000,000 00 



$296,000,000 00 



The expenditures for the same period, ac- 

 cording to his estimates, will be 



For the civil service $37,000,000 00 



For pensions and Indians . . 22,000,000 00 



For the War Department, including $24,- 



500,000 for bounties 100,000,000 00 



For the Navy Department 22,000,00000 



For the interest on the public debt 114,000,000 00 



$295,000,000 00 



Leaving a surplus of estimated receipts over 

 estimated expenditures of $1,000,000. 



The actual receipts .and expenses, however, 

 of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868, ex- 

 ceeded the estimates by $69,971,427, and.^were 

 as follows : 



Receipts from customs ... , . . $164,464,599 



Receipts from lands 1,348,715 



Receipts from direct tax 1,788,145 



Receipts from internal revenue.. 191,087,589 

 Receipts from miscellaneous 



sources (of which amount there 



was received, for premium on 



bonds sold to redeem Treasury 



notes, the sum of $7,078,203) . . . 



Total receipts, exclusive of loans $405,638,083 



