GERMANY, THE PEESS OF, IN 1868. 



321 



movement ; abolition of all restrictions on working- 

 class marriages ; abolition of monopolies ; prohibition 

 of child-labor in factories ; limitation of the hours of 

 labor ; unlimited right of combination ; reform of the 

 law of partnership so as to render it favorable to the 

 formation of cooperative associations ; repeal of all 

 indirect taxes, and the introduction of a single direct 

 tax on a progressive scale ; abolition of standing ar- 

 mies. 



In July, Bavaria and Wurtemberg concluded 

 a convention in reference to the future garrison 

 of the South-German fortress of Ulm. 



The following table shows the statistics of 

 the universities of all Germany and of German 

 Switzerland : 



GERMANY, THE PEESS OF, nr 1868. The 

 number of political newspapers published in 

 the states of the North-German Confedera- 

 tion, in the German states south of the 

 Maine line, and in the German provinces 

 of Austria, on the 1st of July, 1868, was 

 fifteen hundred and seventy-nine, of which 

 three hundred and fifteen were dailies, 

 and the remainder tri-weeklies, semi-week- 

 lies, and weeklies. The kingdom of Saxony 

 possessed the largest number of political jour- 

 VOL. viii. 21 A 



nals in proportion to its population, name- 

 ly, one to every four thousand five hundred 

 inhabitants; the aggregate circulation of the 

 newspapers published there is nearly twice as 

 large as in any other German state or province 

 containing the same population. The smallest 

 number of newspapers in proportion to the 

 population was published in the grand-duchy 

 of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, where there is but 

 one v political journal to every thirty-three 

 thousand inhabitants. In Prussia, there is one 

 political journal to every fifteen thousand in- 

 habitants ; in Bavaria, one to every seventeen 

 thousand three hundred and fifty ; in "Wurtem- 

 herg, one to every thirteen thousand eight 

 hundred; in Hesse-Darmstadt, one to every 

 fourteen thousand nine hundred; in Olden- 

 burg, one to every twenty-eight thousand ; in 

 the Thuringian duchies and principalities, one 

 to about every twenty-two thousand inhabit- 

 ants. The largest circulation obtained by any 

 daily German paper in the year 1868 was 

 twenty-nine thousand (that of the Voiles- 

 zeitung) ; and the largest circulation of any 

 German weekly was three hundred and twen- 

 ty thousand copies (that of the Leipsic Garten- 

 laube). The aggregate circulation of the daily 

 papers published in Berlin, on the 1st of Octo- 

 ber, 1868, was one hundred and twenty-four 

 thousand seven hundred copies, the VolJss- 

 zeitung and the Vossisclie Zeitung heading the 

 list with respectively twenty-nine thousand 

 and fourteen thousand five hundred copies, 

 and the ZuTcunft closing it with less than 

 one thousand two hundred copies. The ag- 

 gregate circulation of the dailies published 

 at Munich was sixty -four thousand copies ; 

 at Hamburg, nineteen thousand copies; at 

 Stuttgart, thirty-one thousand copies ; at 

 Cologne, thirty-one thousand; at Leipsic, 

 twenty-nine thousand; at Dresden, forty-one 

 thousand one hundred ; at Hanover, thirty-two 

 thousand; at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, thirty- 

 nine thousand ; at Vienna, one hundred and 

 seventy-nine thousand copies. The largest ad- 

 vertising patronage reported by any German 

 daily was that of the Hamburger NacJiricJiten 

 (Hamburg News), which, in the first nine 

 months of the year 1868, paid taxes on 287,000 

 marks ; next followed the Berlin Vossische 

 Zeitung, with a little over a hundred thousand 

 thalers, and the Kolnische Zeitung (Cologne 

 Gazette), with ninety thousand thalers, in the 

 same space of time. As regards both the cir- 

 culation of the newspapers and their receipts 

 for advertisements, there was a sensible falling 

 off in nearly all parts of Germany, as com- 

 pared to the results obtained in the year 1867, 

 the absence of exciting and important political 

 events and the general stagnation of business 

 having injuriously affected the newspaper busi- 

 ness. Only in Vienna, in consequence of the 

 important political struggles which took place 

 in Austria in the spring and summer of 1868, 

 all the newspapers did a more profitable busi- 

 ness than in the preceding year ; their circu- 



